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The\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species represent a category of particular importance with regard to fungi. Therefore, the implementation of infection prevention and control measures, such as hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) disinfection, is imperative in healthcare settings. In consideration of the existing literature, which demonstrates that repeated exposure to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    does not compromise microbial tolerance to the disinfectant, the expression of virulence attributes may be altered under the influence of external selective pressure.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study aims to evaluate the effect of repeated exposure to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    on antifungal susceptibility profiles, catalase production, and biofilm formation on\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains in a phenotypic assessment of the microbial behaviour.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In previous studies, strains of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    were repeatedly exposed to different H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations and evaluated for their susceptibility to the disinfectant over 30 days. The present study demonstrated that repeated exposure to H\u2082O\u2082 resulted only in minor fluctuations of the antifungal susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but not of\n                    <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Repeated exposure to H\u2082O\u2082 demonstrated no variation in catalase production or alteration in biofilm formation for the evaluated species.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In conclusion, repeated exposure to H\u2082O\u2082 resulted in only minor fluctuations in antifungal susceptibility in\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, demonstrating that utilization of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a daily disinfectant is safe in relation to microbial adaptation. However, environmental surveillance is advised to prevent the inadvertent development of antifungal resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-026-00886-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:27:56Z","timestamp":1792549676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Candida attributes under in vitro repeated exposure to hydrogen peroxide"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"\u00c2ngela Rita","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ac\u00e1cio Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cobrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"886_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.03.010","volume":"113","author":"O Assadian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Assadian O, Harbarth S, Vos M, Knobloch JK, Asensio A, Widmer AF (2021) Practical recommendations for routine cleaning and disinfection procedures in healthcare institutions: A narrative review. 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