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Although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been reported to alleviate drought stress in several crops, little is known about how\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    affect vegetative growth of maize under water deficit. This study investigated rhizospheric\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates as sustainable tools to mitigate drought-related constraints in maize. Isolates CLV16, CLV100, CLV115, and CLV179 were screened under PEG6000-induced water stress (-0.6, -1.0, and \u2212\u20091.7\u00a0MPa, representing mild, moderate, and severe water deficit, respectively) to characterize their growth and plant growth-promoting traits under stress. All isolates remained metabolically active at water potentials down to -1.0\u00a0MPa, while phosphate solubilization and siderophore production were maintained across the tested. Under severe water stress, all isolates retained their PGPR- attributes, although showing distinct functional responses: CLV100 showed threefold greater colony growth than the other isolates, whereas CLV115 exhibited the highest production of indolic compounds, with levels 8.9-fold higher than those of the other isolates. CLV179 produced threefold more ammonia than the other isolates, while CLV16 showed the lowest expression of the tested traits. Under greenhouse conditions,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    -colonized maize plants grown at 30% field capacity (soil moisture 5.4 to12.8%) showed increased root elongation and biomass accumulation compared with well-watered control at 100% field capacity (soil moisture 19.2 to 28.2%). Specifically, CLV100, CLV115 enhanced maize biomass and shoot growth under drought stress. CLV179, besides these improvements on maize growth, resulted in increased root length (22%) in stressed plants compared with non-bacterized control. These findings suggest the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates as bioinoculants for improving maize performance under water deficit.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-026-00896-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:00:10Z","timestamp":1789614010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Streptomyces rhizobacteria enhance growth and drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) under greenhouse conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa Machado","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Dias Bandeira","family":"Berleze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca Doval Terra de Souza","family":"e Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Vieira","family":"Fran\u00e7\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Vieira","family":"Astarita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane Romanato","family":"Santar\u00e9m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109206","volume":"265","author":"S Abbasi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbasi S, Sadeghi A, Safaie N (2020) Streptomyces alleviate drought stress in tomato plants and modulate the expression of transcription factors ERF1 and WRKY70 genes. 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