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The European seabass (\n                    <jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is gonochoristic and lacks distinguishable sex chromosomes, so, sex determination is referred to molecular actions for some sex-related genes on autosomal chromosomes which are well known such as\n                    <jats:italic>cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes which play crucial role in gonads development and sex differentiation.\n                    <jats:italic>cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    is expressed highly in females for ovarian development and\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    are for testis development in males. In this study, we evaluated the difference in the gene expression levels of studied genes by qPCR in tail fins and gonads. We then performed discriminant analysis (DA) using morphometric traits and studied gene expression parameters as predictor tools for fish sex. The results revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression was significantly higher in future females\u2019 gonads and tail fins (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.05). Statistically,\n                    <jats:italic>cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression was the best parameter to discriminate sex even the hit rate of any other variable by itself could not correctly classify 100% of the fish sex except when it was used in combination with\n                    <jats:italic>cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>Dmrt1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression was higher in males than females but there were difficulties in analyzing\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>dmrt1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressions in the tail because levels were low. So, it could be used in future research to differentiate and determine the sex of adult fish using the\n                    <jats:italic>cyp19a1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression marker without killing or sacrificing fish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-024-10313-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T23:50:51Z","timestamp":1713829851000},"page":"423-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Novel Investigation for Early Sex Determination in Alive Adult European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Using cyp19a1a, dmrt1a, and dmrt1b Genes Expression in Tail Fin tissues"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Samy Y.","family":"El-Zaeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"El-Hanafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa A.","family":"El-Dahhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaat M.","family":"Elmaghraby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara F.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany M.","family":"Hendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.3.590","volume":"61","author":"N Ahluwalia","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ahluwalia N, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Bendel RB et al (1995) Iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease in elderly women: a discriminant-analysis approach for differentiation. 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