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Venoms were isolated from specimens of\n                    <jats:italic>Aurelia aurita<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Rhopilema nomadica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Anemonia sulcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected in their natural habitats. These venoms were applied to HT29 and Caco2 colon cancer cell lines, as well as to the CCD18co healthy colon cell line cultured in vitro. The IC\u2085\u2080 values of the venoms were determined using the MTT assay. Given the IC\u2085\u2080 results,\n                    <jats:italic>A. aurita<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed the highest cytotoxic potency,\n                    <jats:italic>R. nomadica<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed a moderate and cell line\u2013dependent effect, and\n                    <jats:italic>A. sulcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited a delayed, high-dose cytotoxicity profile, becoming clearly evident at 72\u00a0h. Based on these results, Annexin-V, ROS, and MMP analyses were performed to investigate the mechanisms of cell death. Our findings showed that\n                    <jats:italic>A. aurita<\/jats:italic>\n                    venom was more effective on HT29 cells after 48\u00a0h and caused minimal damage to CCD18co healthy cells.\n                    <jats:italic>A. sulcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    venom exhibited cytotoxic effects on HT29 cells at both 48 and 72\u00a0h, while exerting limited toxicity on healthy CCD18co cells.\n                    <jats:italic>R. nomadica<\/jats:italic>\n                    venom showed cytotoxicity on Caco2 cells at 48\u00a0h. Among the three venoms,\n                    <jats:italic>R. nomadica<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect on CCD18co healthy colon cells. In conclusion, venoms from all three Cnidarian species demonstrated cytotoxic effects on two different colon cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was found to be apoptosis-related. Moreover, the venoms showed selective activity across different cancer cell lines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-026-10625-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T08:51:14Z","timestamp":1778748674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytotoxic Effects of Cnidarian Venoms: One Cancer, Two Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4423-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khouloud","family":"Azaiez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6095-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur\u00e7in","family":"Killi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1203-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kemal Emir","family":"T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2733-677X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazal Kals\u0131n","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anara","family":"Babayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9715-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esin Sakall\u0131","family":"\u00c7etin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10625_CR1","first-page":"96","volume":"69","author":"H Aassila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aassila H, Guyot M, Abbouyi E, A., Fassouane A (2013) Identification and anti-inflammatory activity of homarine isolated from Anemonia sulcata\u2019s tentacles. 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