{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T04:44:24Z","timestamp":1785732264282,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01eb032384-01a1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01eb032384-01a1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Academy of Medicine Scholar in Diagnostic Excellence Program","award":["National Academy of Medicine Scholar in Diagnostic Excellence Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Academy of Medicine Scholar in Diagnostic Excellence Program"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM144273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM144273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Emerg Radiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-026-02485-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T01:57:02Z","timestamp":1778723822000},"page":"845-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-medical drivers of health and imaging patterns in intimate partner violence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Lenehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl","family":"Fuehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Gujrathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie Lewis","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efren","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharti","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2485_CR1","unstructured":"Zhang Kudon H et al (2026) The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2023\/2024 Intimate Partner Violence Data Brief"},{"key":"2485_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2419137","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.19137","volume":"7","author":"K Closson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Closson K et al (2024) Physical, Sexual, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2419137","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2485_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305774","volume":"110","author":"SM Peitzmeier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peitzmeier SM et al (2020) Intimate partner violence in transgender populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and correlates. Am J Public Health 110:e1\u2013e14","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2485_CR4","unstructured":"Cooper A, Smith EL (2011) Homicide Trends in the United States, 1980\u20132008: Annual Rates for 2009 and 2010"},{"key":"2485_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2022.04.012","volume":"30","author":"EX Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun EX, Goralnick E, Salim A, Khurana B (2023) Imaging and non-imaging findings of intimate partner violence on the trauma service: A retrospective analysis of two level 1 trauma centers. Acad Radiol 30:312\u2013321","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2485_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208319283","volume":"14","author":"MB Mechanic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mechanic MB, Weaver TL, Resick PA (2008) Mental health consequences of intimate partner abuse: A multidimensional assessment of four different forms of abuse. Violence Against Women 14:634\u2013654","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"2485_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827611410265","author":"MC Black","year":"2011","unstructured":"Black MC (2011) Intimate partner violence and adverse health consequences. Am J Lifestyle Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1559827611410265","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"2485_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1067\/men.2001.114387","volume":"27","author":"N Glass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glass N, Dearwater S, Campbell J (2001) Intimate partner violence screening and intervention: Data from eleven Pennsylvania and California community hospital emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs 27:141\u2013149","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"2485_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-473","volume":"12","author":"CE Beynon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beynon CE, Gutmanis IA, Tutty LM, Wathen CN, MacMillan HL (2012) Why physicians and nurses ask (or don\u2019t) about partner violence: A qualitative analysis. BMC Public Health 12:473","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2485_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019180801","author":"E George","year":"2019","unstructured":"George E et al (2019) Radiologic findings in intimate partner violence. Radiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2019180801","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2485_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801211424476","volume":"17","author":"CA Simmons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simmons CA, Farrar M, Frazer K, Thompson MJ (2011) From the voices of women: facilitating survivor access to IPV services. Violence Against Women 17:1226\u20131243","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"2485_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crenshaw K (2018) Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics. in Living With Contradictions 39\u201352Routledge","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429499142-5"},{"key":"2485_CR13","unstructured":"Health, Inequities Social Determinants, and Intersectionality. NAM https:\/\/nam.edu\/perspectives\/health-inequities-social-determinants-and-intersectionality\/"},{"key":"2485_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020200010","volume":"40","author":"F Alessandrino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alessandrino F et al (2020) Intimate partner violence: A primer for radiologists to make the \u2018invisible\u2019 visible. Radiographics 40:2080\u20132097","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2485_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.07.004","volume":"61","author":"A Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang A, Wong A, Khurana B (2023) Update on the role of imaging in detection of intimate partner violence. Radiol Clin North Am 61:53\u201363","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2485_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.01.003","volume":"22","author":"PJ Lenehan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lenehan PJ et al (2025) Using radiology as a screening tool to identify intimate partner violence. J Am Coll Radiol 22:395\u2013404","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2485_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211022060","author":"B Khurana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khurana B, Loder RT (2022) Injury patterns and associated demographics of intimate partner violence in older adults presenting to U.S. emergency departments. J interpers Violence. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211022060","journal-title":"J interpers Violence"},{"key":"2485_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.028","volume":"78","author":"S Lipsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lipsky S, Caetano R, Field CA, Larkin GL (2005) Psychosocial and substance-use risk factors for intimate partner violence. Drug Alcohol Depend 78:39\u201347","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2485_CR19","unstructured":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (2022) Neighborhood Atlas. Center for Health Disparities Research"},{"key":"2485_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","volume":"378","author":"AJH Kind","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kind AJH, Buckingham WR (2018) Making neighborhood-disadvantage metrics accessible - The Neighborhood Atlas. N Engl J Med 378:2456\u20132458","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2485_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2015.1086465","volume":"56","author":"N Daoud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daoud N et al (2016) Pathways and trajectories linking housing instability and poor health among low-income women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV): Toward a conceptual framework. Women Health 56:208\u2013225","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"2485_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2019.10.44190","author":"R Caetano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caetano R, Cunradi C, Alter H, Mair C (2020) Co-occurrence of multiple risk factors and intimate partner violence in an urban emergency department. West J Emerg Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2019.10.44190","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2485_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2003.09.001","volume":"10","author":"SM Stith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stith SM, Smith DB, Penn CE, Ward DB, Tritt D (2004) Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review. Aggress Violent Beh 10:65\u201398","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Beh"},{"key":"2485_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203742","volume":"299","author":"S Waite","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waite S, Scott J, Colombo D (2021) Narrowing the gap: imaging disparities in radiology. Radiology 299:27\u201335","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2485_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.08.024","volume":"19","author":"CM DeBenedectis","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeBenedectis CM et al (2022) Health care disparities in radiology-a review of the current literature. J Am Coll Radiol 19:101\u2013111","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2485_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2190\/3431-G6T7-37M8-P224","volume":"37","author":"J Macinko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Macinko J, Starfield B, Shi L (2007) Quantifying the health benefits of primary care physician supply in the United States. Int J Health Serv 37:111\u2013126","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"key":"2485_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2017.6402","author":"GM Massetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Massetti GM, Townsend JS, Thomas CC, Basile KC, Richardson LC (2018) Healthcare access and cancer screening among victims of intimate partner violence. J Womens Health Larchmt. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2017.6402","journal-title":"J Womens Health Larchmt"},{"key":"2485_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.4.5.529","author":"AS Gottlieb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gottlieb AS (2008) Intimate partner violence: a clinical review of screening and intervention. Women\u2019s Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/17455057.4.5.529","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"2485_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9527-7","volume":"37","author":"M Vijayaraghavan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vijayaraghavan M et al (2012) Health, access to health care, and health care use among homeless women with a history of intimate partner violence. J Community Health 37:1032\u20131039","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"2485_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801212437908","volume":"18","author":"AL Coker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coker AL et al (2012) Effect of an in-clinic IPV advocate intervention to increase help seeking, reduce violence, and improve well-being. Violence Against Women 18:118\u2013131","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"2485_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.10.049","volume":"36","author":"M Tung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tung M et al (2018) Factors associated with imaging overuse in the emergency department: A systematic review. Am J Emerg Med 36:301\u2013309","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2485_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4879","volume":"24","author":"JK Stockman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stockman JK, Hayashi H, Campbell JC (2015) Intimate partner violence and its health impact on Ethnic Minority Women [corrected]. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 24:62\u201379","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2485_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP13729","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211005150","volume":"37","author":"SB Harper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harper SB (2022) I\u2019m just like, you know what, it\u2019s now or never\u2019: exploring how Women of Color experiencing severe abuse and homicide risk journey toward formal help-seeking. J Interpers Violence 37:NP13729\u2013NP13765","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"2485_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP12260","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260521997939","volume":"37","author":"NMS Vil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vil NMS, Sperlich M, Fitzpatrick J, Bascug E, Elliott J (2022) I thought it was normal:\u2019 perspectives of Black nursing students from high-risk IPV communities on causes and solutions to IPV in the Black Community. J Interpers Violence 37:NP12260\u2013NP12283","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"2485_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E38","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202866","volume":"298","author":"B Gosangi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gosangi B et al (2021) Exacerbation of physical intimate partner violence during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiology 298:E38\u2013E45","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2485_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013496335","volume":"15","author":"KM Sylaska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sylaska KM, Edwards KM (2014) Disclosure of intimate partner violence to informal social support network members: a review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse 15:3\u201321","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2485_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1047391","volume":"11","author":"J McCleary-Sills","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCleary-Sills J et al (2016) Stigma, shame and women\u2019s limited agency in help-seeking for intimate partner violence. Glob Public Health 11:224\u2013235","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2485_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-005-6234-5","volume":"36","author":"D Bybee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bybee D, Sullivan CM (2005) Predicting re-victimization of battered women 3 years after exiting a shelter program. Am J Community Psychol 36:85\u201396","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"2485_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2004.06.001","volume":"14","author":"SL Wenzel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wenzel SL, Tucker JS, Elliott MN, Marshall GN, Williamson SL (2004) Physical violence against impoverished women: a longitudinal analysis of risk and protective factors. Womens Health Issues 14:144\u2013154","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"2485_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2013.02.003","volume":"23","author":"A Kamimura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamimura A, Parekh A, Olson LM (2013) Health indicators, social support, and intimate partner violence among women utilizing services at a community organization. Womens Health Issues 23:e179\u2013e185","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"2485_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44294-025-00126-3","volume":"4","author":"J Gu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gu J, Carballo KV, Ma Y, Bertsimas D, Khurana B (2026) Leveraging multimodal machine learning for accurate risk identification of intimate partner violence. NPJ Womens Health 4:15","journal-title":"NPJ Womens Health"}],"container-title":["Emergency Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10140-026-02485-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10140-026-02485-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10140-026-02485-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T03:47:40Z","timestamp":1785728860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10140-026-02485-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10140-026-02485-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-1435"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-1435","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was performed with institutional review board approval (2016P002096) at a tertiary level I trauma center in an integrated health care system in the Northeast United States.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"was waived due to difficulty in locating individuals and the impact on scientific validity if we could use data only from individuals from whom we were able to obtain consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}