{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:28Z","timestamp":1791489688813,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Funct Integr Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-026-02031-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:24:09Z","timestamp":1788236649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of PCSK9 and CCL22 gene polymorphisms with myocardial infarction in a South Indian population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5346-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Chandra Sekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Govindaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramakrishnan","family":"Veerabathiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01690-3","volume":"9","author":"X Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao X, Liang Y, Chang H et al (2024) Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01690-3","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2031_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.044","volume":"55","author":"M Benn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benn M, Nordestgaard BG, Grande P, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A (2010) PCSK9 R46L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and risk of ischemic heart disease: three independent studies and meta-analyses. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:2833\u20132842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.044","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-026-11489-4","volume":"53","author":"PK Chandra Sekar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chandra Sekar PK, Govindaraj A, Veerabathiran R (2026) Genetic variants of APOE and CCR4 as determinants of myocardial infarction among type 2 diabetes patients: a South Indian case-control analysis. Mol Biol Rep 53(1):326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-026-11489-4","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90975-0","volume":"11","author":"MT Gai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gai MT, Adi D, Chen XC, Liu F, Xie X, Yang YN, Gao XM, Ma X, Fu ZY, Ma YT, Chen BD (2021) Polymorphisms of rs2483205 and rs562556 in the PCSK9 gene are associated with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Sci Rep 11(1):11450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-90975-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2031_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020226","volume":"10","author":"S Gencer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gencer S, Evans BR, van der Vorst EPC, D\u00f6ring Y, Weber C (2021) Inflammatory chemokines in atherosclerosis. Cells 10(2):226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10020226","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2031_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2024.102091","volume":"37","author":"IB Kalarani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalarani IB, Lakshmanan K, Veerabathiran R (2024) Genetic predisposition of MTHFR and TNFSF4 gene polymorphism related to hypothyroidism: a meta-analysis. Gene Rep 37:102091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genrep.2024.102091","journal-title":"Gene Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2031_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2021.101043","volume":"47","author":"C Krittanawong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krittanawong C, Khawaja M, Rosenson RS, Amos CI, Nambi V, Lavie CJ, Virani SS (2022) Association of PCSK9 variants with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and variable responses to PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. Curr Probl Cardiol 47(7):101043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2021.101043","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2031_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519892177","volume":"52","author":"Z Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin Z, Wang SH, Wei DY, Wang LM, Zhang ZW (2024) PCSK9 E670G polymorphism increases risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population. J Int Med Res 52(10):300060519892177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060519892177","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2031_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P091009","volume":"60","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ma H, Zhu Q, Zhang B, Yan H, Li H et al (2019) A genome-wide association study on lipoprotein(a) levels and coronary artery disease severity in a Chinese population. J Lipid Res 60:1440\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.P091009","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","volume":"16","author":"SA Miller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF (1988) A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 16(3):1215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2031_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2021.0010","volume":"25","author":"SH Mohamed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamed SH, Hassaan MMM, Ibrahim BA, Sabbah NA (2021) PCSK9 E670G (rs505151) variant and coronary artery disease risk among diabetics. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 25(9):615\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/gtmb.2021.0010","journal-title":"Genet Test Mol Biomarkers"},{"issue":"23","key":"2031_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.738732","volume":"117","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Wilson PW, Kannel WB (2008) Beyond established and novel risk factors: lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Circulation 117(23):3031\u20133038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.738732","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2031_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2018.171106","volume":"64","author":"F Noori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noori F, Naeimi S, Zibaeenezhad MJ, Gharemirshamlu FR (2018) CCL22 and CCR4 gene polymorphisms in myocardial infarction: risk assessment of rs4359426 and rs2228428 in Iranian population. Clin Lab 64(6):907\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2018.171106","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2031_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2024.2316724","volume":"44","author":"G Ozkara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ozkara G, Aslan EI, Ceviz AB, Candan G, Malikova F, Eronat AP, Ser OS, K\u0131l\u0131carslan O, Kucukhuseyin O, Bostan C, Yildiz A, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H (2025) Unusual effects of PCSK9 E670G (rs505151) variation in patients with in-stent restenosis: variable effects on restenosis risk according to concomitant chronic conditions. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 44(3):185\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15257770.2024.2316724","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"2031_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051835","volume":"21","author":"A Poznyak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poznyak A, Grechko AV, Poggio P, Myasoedova VA, Alfieri V, Orekhov AN (2020) The diabetes mellitus\u2013atherosclerosis connection: the role of lipid and glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 21(5):1835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21051835","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2031_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0506-6","volume":"16","author":"C Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu C, Zeng P, Li X et al (2017) What is the impact of PCSK9 rs505151 and rs11591147 polymorphisms on serum lipid levels and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 16:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-017-0506-6","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2031_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.302888","volume":"116","author":"T Rankinen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rankinen T, Sarzynski MA, Ghosh S, Bouchard C (2015) Are there genetic paths common to obesity, cardiovascular disease outcomes, and cardiovascular risk factors? Circ Res 116(5):909\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.302888","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2031_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30088-8","volume":"5","author":"D Saleheen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saleheen D, Haycock PC, Zhao W, Rasheed A, Taleb A, Imran A et al (2017) Apolipoprotein(a) isoform size, lipoprotein(a) concentration, and coronary artery disease: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5:524\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30088-8","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2031_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112306","volume":"18","author":"S Scheu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scheu S, Ali S, Ruland C, Arolt V, Alferink J (2017) The C\u2013C chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 and their receptor CCR4 in CNS autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 18(11):2306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18112306","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2031_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08514-1","volume":"50","author":"SP Sobha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sobha SP, Kesavarao KE (2023) Progonostic effect of GSTM1\/GSTT1 polymorphism in determining cardiovascular diseases risk among type 2 diabetes patients in South Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 50(8):6415\u20136423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-023-08514-1","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-024-00785-z","volume":"25","author":"M Sudhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sudhan M, Janakiraman V, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Subramanian R, Devi D, Ahmed SSSJ (2024) A comprehensive insight from molecular docking and dynamics with clinical investigation on the impact of direct oral anticoagulants on atheroprotective protein in atrial fibrillation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 25(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00785-z","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2031_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0206-1","volume":"16","author":"JHY Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu JHY, Micha R, Mozaffarian D (2019) Dietary fats and cardiometabolic disease: mechanisms and effects on risk factors and outcomes. Nat Rev Cardiol 16(10):581\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-019-0206-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2031_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37894-9","volume":"9","author":"T Yashiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yashiro T, Nakano S, Nomura K, Uchida Y, Kasakura K, Nishiyama C (2019) A transcription factor PU.1 is critical for Ccl22 gene expression in dendritic cells and macrophages. Sci Rep 9(1):1161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-37894-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Functional & Integrative Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10142-026-02031-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10142-026-02031-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10142-026-02031-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1788236650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10142-026-02031-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10142-026-02031-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-793X","1438-7948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-793X","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-7948","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee of Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (IHEC Proposal No. II\/0540\/24).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"241"}}