{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:11:31Z","timestamp":1792552291746,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]],"date-time":"2013-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0492-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T11:01:21Z","timestamp":1375959681000},"page":"203-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Traumatic injuries to the craniovertebral junction: a review of rare events"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Debernardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"D\u2019Aliberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Talamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Piparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Ligarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cenzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"492_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.6.1179","volume":"148","author":"MB Acheson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Acheson MB, Livingstone RR, Richardson ML, Stimak GK (1987) High-resolution CT scanning in the evaluation of cervical spine fractures: comparison with plain film examinations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 148:1179\u20131185","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"492_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.03.016","volume":"37","author":"I Alcelik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alcelik I, Manik KS (2006) Bilateral occipital condyle fractures leading to retropharyngeal haematoma and acute respiratory distress. Injury 37:83","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"492_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32210-0","volume":"9","author":"GJ Alker","year":"1978","unstructured":"Alker GJ, Oh YS, Leslie EV (1978) High cervical spine and craniocervical junction injuries in fatal traffic accidents: a radiological study. Orthop Clin N Am 9:1003\u20131010","journal-title":"Orthop Clin N Am"},{"key":"492_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.07.022","volume":"7","author":"A Amirjamshidi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amirjamshidi A, Abbassioun K, Khazenifar M, Esmailijah A (2009) Traumatic rotary posterior dislocation of the atlas on the axis without fracture. Report of a case and review the literature. Surg Neurol 7:92\u201398","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"492_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456080-00017","volume":"56","author":"LD Anderson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Anderson LD, D\u2019Alonzo RT (1974) Fractures of the odontoid process of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:1663\u20131674","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"492_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198807000-00004","volume":"13","author":"PA Anderson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Anderson PA, Montesano PX (1988) Morphology and treatment of occipital condyle fractures. Spine 13:731\u2013736","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200201000-00011","volume":"52","author":"J Anglen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anglen J, Metzler M, Bunn P, Griffiths H (2002) Flexion and extension views are not cost-effective in a cervical spine clearance protocol for obtunded trauma patients. J Trauma 52:54\u201359","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"492_CR8","first-page":"1155","volume":"16","author":"EE Awwad","year":"1995","unstructured":"Awwad EE, Martin DS, Charles Cheung K, Bernardi RJ (1995) Unusual fracture dislocation of the craniovertebral junction. AJNR 16:1155\u20131157","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"492_CR9","first-page":"469","volume":"4","author":"C Bell","year":"1817","unstructured":"Bell C (1817) Surgical observations. Middlesex Hosp J 4:469","journal-title":"Middlesex Hosp J"},{"key":"492_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.4.6.429","volume":"4","author":"C Bellabarba","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bellabarba C, Mirza SK, West GA, Mann FA, Dailey AT, Newell DW, Chapman JR (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of cranio-cervical dislocation in a series of 17 consecutive survivors during an 8 year period. J Neurosurg Spine 4:429\u2013440","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"492_CR11","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Biomechanics of spine stabilization","author":"EC Benzel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benzel EC (2001) Stability and instability of the spine. In: Benzel EC (ed) Biomechanics of spine stabilization. Thieme, New York, pp 29\u201344"},{"key":"492_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.2.0206","volume":"81","author":"EC Benzel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Benzel EC, Hart BL, Ball PA, Baldwin NG, Orrison WW, Espinosa M (1994) Fractures of the C2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg 81:206\u2013212","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"492_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E316","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c41d2c","volume":"35","author":"E Bisson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bisson E, Schiffern A, Daubs MD, Brodke DS, Patel AA (2010) Combined occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial disassociation without neurological injury. Spine 35:E316\u2013E321","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(97)80273-5","volume":"52","author":"A Bloom","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bloom A, Neeman Z, Slasky B, Floman Y, Milgrom M, Rivkind A, Bar-Ziv J (1997) Fracture of the occipital condyles and associated craniocervical ligament injury: incidence, CT imaging and implications. Clin Radiol 52:198\u2013202","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"492_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199107000-00021","volume":"31","author":"EC Borock","year":"1991","unstructured":"Borock EC, Gabram SGA, Jacobs LM, Murphy MA (1991) A prospective analysis of a two-year experience using computed tomography as an adjunct for cervical spine clearance. J Trauma 31:1001\u20131005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"492_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08708","volume":"10","author":"R Bransford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bransford R, Falicov A, Nguyen Q, Chapman J (2009) Unilateral C-1 lateral mass sagittal split fracture: an unstable Jefferson fracture variant. J Neurosurg Spine 10:466\u2013473","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"492_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181e12419","volume":"24","author":"R Bransford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bransford R, Chapman JR, Bellabarba C (2011) Primary internal fixation of unilateral C1 lateral mass sagittal split fractures. A series of 3 cases. J Spinal Disord Tech 24:157\u2013163","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"492_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.9.1.40.3318","volume":"9","author":"K Brolin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brolin K, von Holst H (2002) Cervical injuries in Sweden: a national survey of potential data from 1987 to 1999. Inj Control saf Promot Borttaget 9:40\u201352","journal-title":"Inj Control saf Promot Borttaget"},{"key":"492_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200103000-00009","volume":"50","author":"WC Chiu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chiu WC, Haan JM, Cushing BM, Kramer ME, Scalea TM (2001) Ligamentous injuries of the cervical spine in unreliable blunt trauma patients: incidence, evaluation, and outcome. J Trauma 50:457\u2013464","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"492_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181ae583b","volume":"67","author":"JJ Como","year":"2009","unstructured":"Como JJ, Diaz JJ, Dunham CM, Chiu WC, Duane TM, Capella JM et al (2009) Practice management guidelines for identification of cervical spine injuries following trauma: update from eastern association for the surgery of trauma practice management guidelines committee. J Trauma 67:651\u2013659","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"492_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00023","volume":"25","author":"B Connolly","year":"2000","unstructured":"Connolly B, Turner C, DeVine J, Gerlinger T (2000) Jefferson fracture resulting in Collet\u2013Sicard syndrome. Spine 25:395\u2013398","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0270-1","volume":"16","author":"R Dashti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dashti R, Ulu MO, Albayram S, Aydin S, Ulusoy L, Hanci M (2007) Concomitant fracture of bilateral occipital condyle and inferior clivus: what is the mechanism of injury? Eur Spine J 16:S261\u2013S264","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"492_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182011262","volume":"86","author":"A Debernardi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Debernardi A, D\u2019Aliberti G, Talamonti G, Villa F, Piparo M, Collice M (2011) The craniovertebral junction area and the role of the ligaments and membranes. Neurosurgery 86:291\u2013301","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR24","author":"A Debernardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Debernardi A, D\u2019Aliberti G, Talamonti G, Villa F, Piparo M, Cenzato M (2012) Traumatic (type II) odontoid fracture with transverse atlantal ligament injury: a controversial event. Clinical Article. World Neurosurg. doi: 10.1016\/.wneu.2012.01.055","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"492_CR25","author":"A Debernardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Debernardi A, D\u2019Aliberti G, Talamonti G, Villa F, Piparo M, Cenzato M (2012) Single fracture in the atlas vertebral arch: analysis of an unusual event. J Spinal Disord Tech. doi: 10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31827b9e45","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"492_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-006-0516-6","volume":"13","author":"R Wyngaert De","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Wyngaert R, Mulkens T, Baeyaert M, Bellinck P, Salgado R, Ghijsen D, Van Dijck X, Termote JL (2006) Bilateral occipital condylar fractures with associated haematomas. Emerg Radiol 13:79\u201382","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"492_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198704000-00001","volume":"12","author":"J Dvorak","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dvorak J, Panjabi M, Gerber M, Wichmann W (1987) CT functional diagnostics of the rotator instability of the upper cervical spine. 1. An experimental study on cadavers. Spine 12:197\u2013205","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060317","volume":"6","author":"J Dvorak","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dvorak J, Schneider E, Saldinger P, Rahn B (1988) Biomechanics of the craniovertebral junction region: the alar and the transverse ligaments. J Orthop Res 6:452\u2013461","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"492_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.63B3.7263741","volume":"63","author":"B Effendi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Effendi B, Roy D, Cornish B, Dussault RG, Laurin CA (1981) Fractures of the ring of the axis. A classification based on the analysis of 131 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 63:319\u2013327","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"492_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000154460.55090.8a","volume":"18","author":"FA Farley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Farley FA, Gebarski SS, Garton HL (2005) Tectorial membrane injuries in children. J Spinal Disord Tech 18:136\u2013138","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"492_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32206-9","volume":"9","author":"JW Fielding","year":"1978","unstructured":"Fielding JW, Hawkins RJ, Hensinger RN, Francis WR (1978) Atlantoaxial rotary deformities. Orthop Clin N Am 9:955\u2013967","journal-title":"Orthop Clin N Am"},{"key":"492_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1979.47","volume":"17","author":"PR Fine","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fine PR, Kuhemeir KV, DeVivo MJ, Stover SL (1979) Spinal cord injury: an epidemiologic perspective. Paraplegia 17:237\u2013250","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"492_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.1.0115","volume":"47","author":"JL Fox","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fox JL, Jerez A (1977) An unsual atlantoaxial dislocation. Case report. J Neurosurg 47:115\u2013118","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"492_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.05.026","volume":"36","author":"BJC Freeman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Freeman BJC, Behensky H (2005) Bilateral occipital condyle fractures leading to retropharyngeal haematoma and acute respiratory distress. Int J Care Injured 36:207\u2013212","journal-title":"Int J Care Injured"},{"key":"492_CR35","first-page":"563","volume":"46","author":"S Fuentes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fuentes S, Bouillot P, Dufour H, Grisoli F (2000) Occipital condyle fractures and clivus epidural hematoma. Case report. Neurochirurgie 46:563\u2013567","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"492_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816956de","volume":"7","author":"M Gebauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gebauer M, Goetzen N, Barvencik F, Beil FT, Rupprecht M, Rueger JM, Puschel K, Morlock M, Amling M (2008) Biomechanical analysis of atlas fractures. Spine 7:766\u2013770","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347414","volume":"23","author":"J Gehweiler","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gehweiler J, Duff D, Salutario M, Miller M, Clark M (1976) Fractures of the atlas vertebra. Skeletal Radiol 23:97\u2013102","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"492_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.4.0318","volume":"3","author":"LF Gonzalez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gonzalez LF, Klopfenstein JD, Crawford NR, Dickman CA, Sonntag VK (2005) Use of dual transarticular screws to fixate simultaneous occipitoatlantal and atlantoaxial dislocations. J Neurosurg Spine 3:318\u2013323","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"492_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.09.014","volume":"5","author":"JN Grauer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grauer JN, Shafi B, Hilibrand AS, Harrop JS, Kwon BK, Beiner JM, Albert TJ, Fehlings MG, Vaccaro AR (2005) Proposal of a modified, treatment-oriented classification of odontoid fractures. Spine J 5:123\u2013129","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"492_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199410150-00010","volume":"19","author":"KA Greene","year":"1994","unstructured":"Greene KA, Dickman CA, Marciano FF, Drabier J, Brayer BP, Sonntag VHK (1994) Transverse atlantal ligament disruption associated with odontoid fractures. Spine 19:2307\u20132314","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198508000-00006","volume":"17","author":"MN Hadley","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hadley MN, Browner C, Sonntag VKH (1985) Axis fractures: a comprehensive review of management and treatment in 107 cases. Neurosurgery 17:281\u2013290","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951030-00016","volume":"51","author":"RH Haralson III","year":"1969","unstructured":"Haralson RH III, Boyd HB (1969) Posterior dislocation of the atlas without fracture. Report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg Am 51:561\u2013566","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"492_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/14.1.31","volume":"14","author":"DR Henderson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Henderson DR (1975) Vertical atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil 14:31\u201338","journal-title":"Rheumatol Rehabil"},{"key":"492_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200209000-00021","volume":"53","author":"JF Holmes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holmes JF, Mirvis SE, Panacek EA, Hoffman JR, Mower WR (2002) Variability in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cervical spine injuries. J Trauma 53:524\u2013530","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"492_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199602150-00016","volume":"21","author":"R Hu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hu R, Mustard CA, Burns C (1996) Epidemiology of incident spinal fractures in a complete population. Spine 21:492\u2013499","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(00)80010-3","volume":"2","author":"T Imamura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Imamura T, Kojima T, Yashiki M, Namera A (2000) Traumatic avulsion fracture of the occipital condyles and clivus: a case report. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2:49\u201353","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"key":"492_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-007-0584-2","volume":"14","author":"T Inaoka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Inaoka T, Ohashi K, El-Khoury GY (2007) A single fracture in the atlas ring: report of two cases and a review of the literature. Emerg Radiol 14:191\u2013194","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"492_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.29.1.6","volume":"29","author":"IC Isdale","year":"1970","unstructured":"Isdale IC, Corrigan AB (1970) Backward luxation of the atlas: two cases of an uncommon condition. Ann Rheum Dis 29:6\u20139","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"492_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198302000-00014","volume":"12","author":"S Jamshidi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jamshidi S, Dennis MW, Azzam C, Karim N (1983) Traumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation without neurological deficit. Case report. Neurosurgery 12:211\u2013213","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000208555.34661.CD","volume":"58","author":"A Jea","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jea A, Tatsui C, Farhat H, Vanni S, Levi AD (2006) Vertically unstable Type III odontoid fractures: case report. Neurosurgery 58:797\u2013798","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800072713","volume":"7","author":"G Jefferson","year":"1920","unstructured":"Jefferson G (1920) Fracture of the atlas vertebra: report of four cases and a review of those previously recorded. Br J Surg 7:407\u2013411","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"492_CR52","first-page":"1181","volume":"11","author":"DN Jones","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jones DN, Knox AM, Sage MR (1990) Traumatic avulsion fracture of the occipital condyles and clivus with associated unilateral atlantooccipital distraction. AJNR 11:1181\u20131183","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"492_CR53","first-page":"991","volume":"46","author":"DB Judd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Judd DB, Liem LK, Petermann G (2000) Pediatric atlas fracture: a case of fracture through synchondrosis and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 46:991\u2013994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A60","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000366108.02499.8F","volume":"66","author":"UK Kakarla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kakarla UK, Chang SW, Theodore N, Sonntag VKH (2010) Atlas fractures. Neurosurgery 66:A60\u2013A67","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00025","volume":"86","author":"JS Kirkpatrick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick JS, Sheils T, Theiss SM (2004) Type III-dens fracture with distraction: an unstable injury\u2014a report of three cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86:2514\u20132518","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"492_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E659","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318182272a","volume":"15","author":"CP Kleweno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kleweno CP, Zampini JM, White AP, Kasper EM, McGuire KJ (2008) Survival after concurrent traumatic dislocation of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints: a case report and review of the literature. Spine 15:E659\u2013E662","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100648","volume":"43","author":"J Krakanes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Krakanes J, Kaale BR, Rorvik J, Gilhus NE (2001) MRI assessment of normal ligamentous structures in the craniovertebral junction. Neuroradiology 43:1089\u20131097","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"492_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1036-7","volume":"45","author":"J Krakanes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krakanes J, Kaale BR, Moen G, Nordhhi H, Gilhus NE, Rorvik J (2003) MRI of the tectorial and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes in the late stage of whiplash injury. Neuroradiology 45:585\u2013591","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"492_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198805000-00002","volume":"13","author":"CD Landells","year":"1988","unstructured":"Landells CD, van Peteghem PK (1988) Fractures of the atlas: classification, treatment, and morbidity. Spine 13:450\u2013452","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR60","first-page":"1105","volume":"12","author":"C Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee C, Woodring JH (1991) Unstable Jefferson variants atlas fractures: an unrecognized cervical injury. Am J Neuroradiol 12:1105\u20131110","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"492_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173050-00006","volume":"73","author":"AM Levine","year":"1991","unstructured":"Levine AM, Edwards CC (1991) Atlas fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73:630\u2013691","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"492_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.5.SPINE08866","volume":"11","author":"MB Maserati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maserati MB, Stephens B, Zohny Z, Lee JY, Kanter AS, Spiro RM, Okonkwo DO (2009) Occipital condyle fractures: clinical decision rule and surgical management. J Neurosurg Spine 11:388\u2013395","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"492_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E600","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000170989.90325.04","volume":"57","author":"PH Maughan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maughan PH, Horn EM, Theodore N, Feiz-Erfan I, Sonntag VKH (2005) Avulsion fracture of the foramen magnum treated with occiput-to-c1 fusion: technical case report. Neurosurgery 57:E600","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-191002000-00004","volume":"51","author":"SJ Mixter","year":"1910","unstructured":"Mixter SJ, Osgood RB (1910) Traumatic lesions of the atlas and axis. Ann Surg 51:193\u2013207","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"492_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198805000-00016","volume":"13","author":"JB Myklebust","year":"1988","unstructured":"Myklebust JB, Pintar F, Yoganandan N, Cusick JF, Maiman D, Myers TJ, Sances A Jr (1988) Tensile strength of spinal ligaments. Spine 13:526\u2013531","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.16.6.8946537","volume":"16","author":"DB Nunez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nunez DB, Zuluaga A, Fuentes-Bernardo DA, Rivas LA, Bacerra JL (1996) Cervical spine trauma: how much more do we learn by routinely using helical CT? Radiographics 16:1307\u20131318","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"492_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110001-00001","volume":"16","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Panjabi MM, Oda T, Crisco JJ, Oxland TR, Katz L, Nolte LP (1991) Experimental study on atlas injuries I. Biomechanical analysis of their mechanisms and fracture patterns. Spine 16:460\u2013465","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199806000-00001","volume":"44","author":"M Pasquale","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pasquale M, Fabian TC (1988) Practice management guidelines for trauma from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma 44:941\u2013956","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"492_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2003.02.010","volume":"11","author":"M Payer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Payer M, Delavelle J (2004) Bilateral occipital condylar fracture. Case report about successful treatment with SOMI brace. J Clin Neurosci 11:211\u2013214","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"492_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.03.043","volume":"12","author":"M Payer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Payer M, Wetzel S, Kelekis A, Jenny B (2005) Traumatic vertical atlantoaxial dislocation. J Clin Neurosci 12:704\u2013706","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"492_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.4.0666","volume":"84","author":"GJ Przybylski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Przybylski GJ, Welch WC (1996) Longitudinal atlantoaxial dislocation with type III odontoid fracture: case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 84:666\u2013670","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"492_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050166","volume":"8","author":"S Ramar\u00e8","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ramar\u00e8 S, Lazennec JY, Camelot C, Saillant G, Hansen S, Trabelsi R (1999) Vertical atlantoaxial dislocation. Eur Spine J 8:241\u2013243","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"492_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00023","volume":"56","author":"WR Sassard","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sassard WR, Heining CF, Pitts WR (1974) Posterior atlantoaxial dislocation without fracture. Case report with successful conservative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:625\u2013628","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"492_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31815adeb5","volume":"21","author":"CM Sayama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sayama CM, Fassett DR, Apfelbaum RI (2008) The utility of MRI in the evaluation of odontoid fractures. J Spinal Disord Tech 21:524\u2013526","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"492_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-31571-1","volume":"12","author":"MH Schrodel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schrodel MH, Kestlmeier R, Trappe AE (2002) Bilateral occipital condyle fracture: report of two cases. Skull Base 12:93\u201396","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"492_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769090-00017","volume":"69","author":"LS Segal","year":"1987","unstructured":"Segal LS, Grimm JO, Stauffer ES (1987) Non-union of fractures of the atlas. J Bone Joint Surg 69:1423\u20131434","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"492_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(83)80293-5","volume":"12","author":"DR Streitwieser","year":"1983","unstructured":"Streitwieser DR, Knopp R, Wales LR, Williams JL, Tonnemacher K (1983) Accuracy of standard radiographic views in detecting cervical spine fractures. Ann Emerg Med 12:538\u2013542","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"492_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-002-0540-x","volume":"31","author":"S Sud","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sud S, Chaturvedi S, Buxi TBS, Singh S (2002) Posterior atlantoaxial dislocation without associated fracture. Skeletal Radiol 31:529\u2013531","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"492_CR79","first-page":"783","volume":"5","author":"RA Suss","year":"1984","unstructured":"Suss RA, Bundy KJ (1984) Unilateral posterior arch fractures of the atlas. AJNR 5:783\u2013786","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"492_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.39.358","volume":"39","author":"M Tanabe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tanabe M, Watanabe T, Matsumoto S, Okamoto H, Shirakashi K (1999) Avulsion fracture of the anterior half of the foramen magnum involving the bilateral occipital condyles and the inferior clivus: case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 39:358\u2013361","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"492_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20334","volume":"20","author":"RS Tubbs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Kelly DR, Humphrey ER, Chua GD, Shoja MM, Salter EG, Acakpo-Satchivi L, Wellons JC 3rd, Blount JP, Oakes WJ (2007) The tectorial membrane: anatomical, biomechanical, and histological analysis. Clin Anat 20:382\u2013386","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"492_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199708000-00006","volume":"41","author":"S Tuli","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tuli S, Tator CH, Fehlings MG, Mackay M (1997) Occipital condyle fractures. Neurosurgery 41:368\u2013376","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"492_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02749162","volume":"5","author":"TE Vaughan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vaughan TE, West OC (1998) Isolated vertical fracture through the anterior atlas arch: a previously unreported fracture. Emerg Radiol 5:259\u2013262","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"492_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199705010-00019","volume":"22","author":"BK Weiner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weiner BK, Browner RS (1997) Traumatic vertical atlantoaxial instability in a case of atlanto-occipital coalition. Spine 22:1033\u20131035","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199105000-00021","volume":"16","author":"DA Wong","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wong DA, Mack RP, Craigmile TK (1991) Traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation without fracture of the odontoid. Spine 16:587\u2013589","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"492_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2003.98.1.0073","volume":"98","author":"DH Yoon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yoon DH, Yang KH, Kin KN, Oh SH (2003) Posterior atlantoaxial dislocation without fracture. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 98:73\u201376","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"492_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817e2cfc","volume":"33","author":"KZ Yuksel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yuksel KZ, Yuksel M, Gonzalez LF, Baek S, Heiserman JE, Sonntag VK, Crawford MR (2008) Occipitocervical vertical distractive injuries. Spine 33:2066\u20132073","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-013-0492-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-013-0492-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-013-0492-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T04:49:18Z","timestamp":1646282958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-013-0492-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-013-0492-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0344-5607","1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0344-5607","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]]}}}