{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:57:15Z","timestamp":1793145435448,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01628-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T11:05:56Z","timestamp":1630062356000},"page":"395-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Preclinical and clinical role of interleukin-6 in the development of delayed cerebral vasospasm and neuronal cell death after subarachnoid hemorrhage: towards a potential target therapy?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Davide Marco","family":"Croci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivani","family":"Sivanrupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wanderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme J.","family":"Agnoletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Chiappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basil E.","family":"Gr\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Andereggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Taussky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Marbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1628_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.16.4.562","volume":"16","author":"NF Kassell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kassell NF, Sasaki T, Colohan AR et al (1985) Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 16:562\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.16.4.562","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1628_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.017","volume":"106","author":"J Konczalla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konczalla J, Kashefiolasl S, Brawanski N et al (2017) Cerebral vasospasm-dependent and cerebral vasospasm-independent cerebral infarctions predict outcome after nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center series with 250 patients. World Neurosurg 106:861-869.e864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00867-0","volume":"12","author":"SN Neifert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neifert SN, Chapman EK, Martini ML et al (2021) Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the last decade. Transl Stroke Res 12:428\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-020-00867-0","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"1628_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(11)70108-9","volume":"10","author":"RL Macdonald","year":"2011","unstructured":"Macdonald RL, Higashida RT, Keller E et al (2011) Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage undergoing surgical clipping: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (CONSCIOUS-2). Lancet Neurol 10:618\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(11)70108-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1628_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.648980","volume":"43","author":"RL Macdonald","year":"2012","unstructured":"Macdonald RL, Higashida RT, Keller E et al (2012) Randomized trial of clazosentan in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage undergoing endovascular coiling. Stroke 43:1463\u20131469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.111.648980","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1628_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.23736\/s0390-5616.16.03876-5","volume":"63","author":"D Croci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Croci D, Nevzati E, Danura H et al (2019) The relationship between IL-6, ET-1 and cerebral vasospasm, in experimental rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Sci 63:245\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s0390-5616.16.03876-5","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"1628_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.4.534","volume":"70","author":"K Fassbender","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fassbender K, Hodapp B, Rossol S et al (2001) Inflammatory cytokines in subarachnoid haemorrhage: association with abnormal blood flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 70:534\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.70.4.534","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1628_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.12.2971","volume":"31","author":"K Fassbender","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fassbender K, Hodapp B, Rossol S et al (2000) Endothelin-1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage: An acute-phase reactant produced by cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes. Stroke 31:2971\u20132975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.31.12.2971","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1628_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0675-7","volume":"13","author":"A Niwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niwa A, Osuka K, Nakura T et al (2016) Interleukin-6, MCP-1, IP-10, and MIG are sequentially expressed in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 13:217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0675-7","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1628_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1998.11740528","volume":"20","author":"P Gaetani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gaetani P, Tartara F, Pignatti P et al (1998) Cisternal CSF levels of cytokines after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res 20:337\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01616412.1998.11740528","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"1628_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31828048ce","volume":"72","author":"C Muroi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muroi C, Hugelshofer M, Seule M et al (2013) Correlation among systemic inflammatory parameter, occurrence of delayed neurological deficits, and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 72:367\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31828048ce (discussion 375)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1628_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050197","volume":"140","author":"K Osuka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Osuka K, Suzuki Y, Tanazawa T et al (1998) Interleukin-6 and development of vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140:943\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007010050197","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"1628_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","volume":"8","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J et al (2010) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 8:336\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1628_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00880-3","author":"DM Croci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Croci DM, Wanderer S, Strange F et al (2021) Tocilizumab reduces vasospasms, neuronal cell death, and microclot formation in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-020-00880-3","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"1628_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-018-0614-2","volume":"9","author":"KG Blecharz-Lang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blecharz-Lang KG, Wagner J, Fries A et al (2018) Interleukin 6-mediated endothelial barrier disturbances can be attenuated by blockade of the IL6 Receptor expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells. Transl Stroke Res 9:631\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-018-0614-2","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"1628_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154778","volume":"123","author":"YZ Al-Tamimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Tamimi YZ, Bhargava D, Orsi NM et al (2019) Compartmentalisation of the inflammatory response following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cytokine 123:154778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154778","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"1628_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000108981.73153.6e","volume":"54","author":"G Bowman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bowman G, Dixit S, Bonneau RH et al (2004) Neutralizing antibody against interleukin-6 attenuates posthemorrhagic vasospasm in the rat femoral artery model. Neurosurgery 54:719\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.neu.0000108981.73153.6e (discussion 725-726)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1628_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1419","volume":"33","author":"JC Choy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Choy JC, Granville DJ, Hunt DW et al (2001) Endothelial cell apoptosis: biochemical characteristics and potential implications for atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33:1673\u20131690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1419","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"1628_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.01.036","volume":"512","author":"V Friedrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friedrich V, Flores R, Sehba FA (2012) Cell death starts early after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 512:6\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.01.036","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1628_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600069","volume":"25","author":"C Zhou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhou C, Yamaguchi M, Colohan AR et al (2005) Role of p53 and apoptosis in cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25:572\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600069","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1628_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200404000-00007","volume":"24","author":"C Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou C, Yamaguchi M, Kusaka G et al (2004) Caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 24:419\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004647-200404000-00007","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1628_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.09.009","volume":"178","author":"ML Valle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valle ML, Dworshak J, Sharma A et al (2019) Inhibition of interleukin-6 trans-signaling prevents inflammation and endothelial barrier disruption in retinal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 178:27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2018.09.009","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"1628_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.32.1.212","volume":"32","author":"Y Aihara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aihara Y, Kasuya H, Onda H et al (2001) Quantitative analysis of gene expressions related to inflammation in canine spastic artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 32:212\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.32.1.212","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1628_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/426346","volume":"2009","author":"Q Fang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fang Q, Chen G, Zhu W et al (2009) Influence of melatonin on cerebrovascular proinflammatory mediators expression and oxidative stress following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Mediators Inflamm 2009:426346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/426346","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"1628_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3082","volume":"11","author":"C Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin C, Zhao Y, Wan G et al (2016) Effects of simvastatin and taurine on delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Exp Ther Med 11:1355\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2016.3082","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"1628_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8939-7","volume":"52","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xu X, Zhou D et al (2015) Possible role of Raf-1 kinase in the development of cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Mol Neurobiol 52:1527\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-014-8939-7","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1628_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93432-o","volume":"336","author":"A Fujimori","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fujimori A, Yanagisawa M, Saito A et al (1990) Endothelin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet 336:633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93432-o","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1628_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.3.0503","volume":"83","author":"A Hino","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hino A, Weir BK, Macdonald RL et al (1995) Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of BQ-123 and bosentan for prevention of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. J Neurosurg 83:503\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1995.83.3.0503","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.4.0562","volume":"78","author":"T Mathiesen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mathiesen T, Andersson B, Loftenius A et al (1993) Increased interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 78:562\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1993.78.4.0562","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.2.0215","volume":"87","author":"T Mathiesen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mathiesen T, Edner G, Ulfarsson E et al (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor\u2014\u03b1 following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurgery 87:215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1997.87.2.0215","journal-title":"J Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1628_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699650040584","volume":"10","author":"T Mathiesen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mathiesen T, Lefvert AK (1996) Cerebrospinal fluid and blood lymphocyte subpopulations following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg 10:89\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688699650040584","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.021","volume":"104","author":"B Chamling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chamling B, Gross S, Stoffel-Wagner B et al (2017) Early diagnosis of delayed cerebral ischemia: possible relevance for inflammatory biomarkers in routine clinical practice? World Neurosurg 104:152\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.05.021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122580","volume":"18","author":"SR Chaudhry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhry SR, Stoffel-Wagner B, Kinfe TM et al (2017) Elevated systemic IL-6 Levels in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is an unspecific marker for post-SAH complications. Int J Mol Sci 18:2580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18122580","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1628_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2001.16.6.774","volume":"16","author":"KY Kwon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kwon KY, Jeon BC (2001) Cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid and delayed ischemic deficits in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Korean Med Sci 16:774\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2001.16.6.774","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"1628_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.03.022","volume":"18","author":"C Muroi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muroi C, Bellut D, Coluccia D et al (2011) Systemic interleukin-6 concentrations in patients with perimesencephalic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci 18:1626\u20131629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.03.022","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1628_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1192-5_17","volume":"115","author":"C Muroi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muroi C, Seule M, Sikorski C et al (2013) Systemic interleukin-6 levels reflect illness course and prognosis of patients with spontaneous nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl 115:77\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-1192-5_17","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"1628_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9432-4","volume":"13","author":"A Sarrafzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarrafzadeh A, Schlenk F, Gericke C et al (2010) Relevance of cerebral interleukin-6 after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 13:339\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-010-9432-4","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"1628_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.113","volume":"122","author":"P Vlachogiannis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vlachogiannis P, Hillered L, Khalil F et al (2019) Interleukin-6 Levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with severe spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 122:e612\u2013e618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.113","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168615","volume":"12","author":"WN Chaudhry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhry WN, Concepci\u00f3n-Acevedo J, Park T et al (2017) Synergy and order effects of antibiotics and phages in killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. PLoS ONE 12:e0168615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168615","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1628_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0353-1_35","volume":"110","author":"W Ni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ni W, Gu YX, Song DL et al (2011) The relationship between IL-6 in CSF and occurrence of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl 110:203\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-0353-1_35","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"1628_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1440-1","volume":"130","author":"UC Schneider","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schneider UC, Davids AM, Brandenburg S et al (2015) Microglia inflict delayed brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neuropathol 130:215\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-015-1440-1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1628_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1227\/01.Neu.0000255440.21495.80","volume":"60","author":"B Schoch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schoch B, Regel JP, Wichert M et al (2007) Analysis of intrathecal interleukin-6 as a potential predictive factor for vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 60:828\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.Neu.0000255440.21495.80 (discussion 828-836)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1628_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.06.006","volume":"28","author":"H Aly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aly H, Khashaba MT, El-Ayouty M et al (2006) IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha and outcomes of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Brain Dev 28:178\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.06.006","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"1628_CR44","first-page":"905","volume":"18","author":"SJ Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li SJ, Liu W, Wang JL et al (2014) The role of TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-10, and GDNF in neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rat with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 18:905\u2013909","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1628_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0490","volume":"3","author":"RL Macdonald","year":"2007","unstructured":"Macdonald RL, Pluta RM, Zhang JH (2007) Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the emerging revolution. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 3:256\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpneuro0490","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"1628_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.3.1","volume":"21","author":"CP Nolan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nolan CP, Macdonald RL (2006) Can angiographic vasospasm be used as a surrogate marker in evaluating therapeutic interventions for cerebral vasospasm? Neurosurg Focus 21:E1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc.2006.21.3.1","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"1628_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7014.1227b","volume":"311","author":"J Rowe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rowe J, Renowden S, Cadoux-Hudson T (1995) Screening for intracranial aneurysms. Short natural course makes screening impracticable. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 311:1227\u20131228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7014.1227b","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"key":"1628_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1227\/01.Neu.0000227519.27569.45","volume":"59","author":"SC Stein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stein SC, Browne KD, Chen XH et al (2006) Thromboembolism and delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: an autopsy study. Neurosurgery 59:781\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.Neu.0000227519.27569.45 (discussion 787-788)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1628_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.5.0978","volume":"98","author":"MM Treggiari","year":"2003","unstructured":"Treggiari MM, Walder B, Suter PM et al (2003) Systematic review of the prevention of delayed ischemic neurological deficits with hypertension, hypervolemia, and hemodilution therapy following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 98:978\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2003.98.5.0978","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200205000-00016","volume":"50","author":"JG Romano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romano JG, Forteza AM, Concha M et al (2002) Detection of microemboli by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 50:1026\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-200205000-00016 (discussion 1030-1031)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1628_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2007.00215.x","volume":"18","author":"JG Romano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romano JG, Rabinstein AA, Arheart KL et al (2008) Microemboli in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroimaging 18:396\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2007.00215.x","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"1628_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540500380871","volume":"57","author":"P Ascenzi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Visca P et al (2005) Hemoglobin and heme scavenging. IUBMB Life 57:749\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15216540500380871","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"1628_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2009.10.008","volume":"21","author":"G Pradilla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pradilla G, Chaichana KL, Hoang S et al (2010) Inflammation and cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am 21:365\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2009.10.008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"1628_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1995.11740296","volume":"17","author":"T Kikuchi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kikuchi T, Okuda Y, Kaito N et al (1995) Cytokine production in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neurol Res 17:106\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01616412.1995.11740296","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"1628_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.3.438","volume":"105","author":"P Vikman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vikman P, Beg S, Khurana TS et al (2006) Gene expression and molecular changes in cerebral arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat. J Neurosurg 105:438\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2006.105.3.438","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1628_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600283","volume":"26","author":"J Cahill","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cahill J, Calvert JW, Zhang JH (2006) Mechanisms of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:1341\u20131353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600283","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1628_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12511","volume":"12","author":"C Muroi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muroi C, Fujioka M, Mishima K et al (2014) Effect of ADAMTS-13 on cerebrovascular microthrombosis and neuronal injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Thromb Haemost 12:505\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.12511","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1628_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.03.014","volume":"183","author":"EY Senchenkova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Senchenkova EY, Komoto S, Russell J et al (2013) Interleukin-6 mediates the platelet abnormalities and thrombogenesis associated with experimental colitis. Am J Pathol 183:173\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.03.014","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1628_CR59","first-page":"967","volume":"85","author":"G Grignani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grignani G, Maiolo A (2000) Cytokines and hemostasis. Haematologica 85:967\u2013972","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"1628_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0107","volume":"104","author":"A Bernardo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bernardo A, Ball C, Nolasco L et al (2004) Effects of inflammatory cytokines on the release and cleavage of the endothelial cell-derived ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers under flow. Blood 104:100\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2004-01-0107","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1628_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/161702","volume":"2014","author":"L Andereggen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andereggen L, Neuschmelting V, Von Gunten M et al (2014) The role of microclot formation in an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage model in the rabbit. Biomed Res Int 2014:161702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/161702","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1628_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.88","volume":"29","author":"MD Vergouwen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vergouwen MD, Bakhtiari K, Van Geloven N et al (2009) Reduced ADAMTS13 activity in delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 29:1734\u20131741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.88","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1628_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.10.029","volume":"233","author":"JM Pisapia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pisapia JM, Xu X, Kelly J et al (2012) Microthrombosis after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: time course and effect of red blood cell-bound thrombin-activated pro-urokinase and clazosentan. Exp Neurol 233:357\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.10.029","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1628_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S150580","volume":"13","author":"M Biggioggero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biggioggero M, Crotti C, Becciolini A et al (2019) Tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an evidence-based review and patient selection. Drug Des Devel Ther 13:57\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dddt.S150580","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"1628_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)30363-4","volume":"388","author":"JWJ Bijlsma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bijlsma JWJ, Welsing PMJ, Woodworth TG et al (2016) Early rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab, methotrexate, or their combination (U-Act-Early): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, strategy trial. Lancet 388:343\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)30363-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1628_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60428-6","volume":"371","author":"T Bongartz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bongartz T (2008) Tocilizumab for rheumatoid and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet 371:961\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60428-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1628_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26674","volume":"93","author":"JA Hill","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hill JA, Menon MP, Dhanireddy S et al (2021) Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: clinical outcomes, inflammatory marker kinetics, and safety. J Med Virol 93:2270\u20132280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26674","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1628_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n433","volume":"372","author":"J Wise","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wise J (2021) Covid-19: Arthritis drug tocilizumab reduces deaths in hospitalised patients, study shows. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 372:n433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n433","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"key":"1628_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03017-5","volume":"77","author":"M Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao M, Lu J, Tang Y et al (2021) Tocilizumab for treating COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 77:311\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03017-5","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01628-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01628-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01628-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T10:46:00Z","timestamp":1744109160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01628-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01628-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0344-5607","1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0344-5607","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}