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According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs longer than 3 months. Chronic pain has a significant impact on individuals\u2019 well-being and psychosocial health and the economy of healthcare systems as well. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic modalities, treatment of chronic pain can be challenging. Only about 30% of individuals with non-cancer chronic pain achieve improvement from standard pharmacological treatment. Therefore, numerous therapeutic approaches were proposed as a potential treatment for chronic pain including non-opioid pharmacological agents, nerve blocks, acupuncture, cannabidiol, stem cells, exosomes, and neurostimulation techniques. Although some neurostimulation methods such as spinal cord stimulation were successfully introduced into clinical practice as a therapy for chronic pain, the current evidence for brain stimulation efficacy in the treatment of chronic pain remains unclear. Hence, this narrative literature review aimed to give an up-to-date overview of brain stimulation methods, including deep brain stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, and reduced impedance non-invasive cortical electrostimulation as a potential treatment for chronic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-02032-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1685350925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Brain stimulation for chronic pain management: a narrative review of analgesic mechanisms and clinical evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6061-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Szymoniuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4722-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Hsuan","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-4607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Domagalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3082-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Biszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"J\u00f3\u017awik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4125-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kamieniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"36","key":"2032_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2","volume":"67","author":"J Dahlhamer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, Nahin R, Mackey S, DeBar L, Kerns R, Von KM, Porter L, Helmick C (2018) Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults \u2014 United States, 2016. 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