{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:03:22Z","timestamp":1776866602249,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-02208-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T03:02:01Z","timestamp":1700535721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Construction and validation of a predictive model of pneumonia for ICU patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linrui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustine K.","family":"Ballah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengyue","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaocong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongming","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2208_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0651-y","volume":"148","author":"F Tagliaferri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tagliaferri F, Compagnone C, Korsic M, Servadei F, Kraus J (2006) A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 148(3):255\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-005-0651-y","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2208_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2512-7","volume":"157","author":"F Tagliaferri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tagliaferri F, Peeters W, van den Brande R et al (2015) Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 157(10):1683\u20131696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2512-7","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2208_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00485.2016","volume":"313","author":"PJ Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu PJ, Pittet JF, Kerby JD, Bosarge PL, Wagener BM (2017) Acute brain trauma, lung injury, and pneumonia: more than just altered mental status and decreased airway protection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 313(1):L1\u2013L15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00485.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2208_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.07.005","volume":"38","author":"B Jovanovic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jovanovic B, Milan Z, Markovic-Denic L et al (2015) Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in a Serbian trauma centre. Int J Infect Dis 38:46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.07.005","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2208_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000526","volume":"78","author":"MR Kesinger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kesinger MR, Kumar RG, Wagner AK et al (2015) Hospital-acquired pneumonia is an independent predictor of poor global outcome in severe traumatic brain injury up to 5 years after discharge. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78(2):396\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000000526","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2208_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002562","volume":"88","author":"RG Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar RG, Kesinger MR, Juengst SB et al (2020) Effects of hospital-acquired pneumonia on long-term recovery and hospital resource utilization following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 88(4):491\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000002562","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2208_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700582","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017","volume":"50","author":"A Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torres A, Niederman MS, Chastre J et al (2017) International ERS\/ESICM\/ESCMID\/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)\/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and Asociaci\u00f3n Latinoamericana del T\u00f3rax (ALAT). Eur Respir J 50(3):1700582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2208_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0466-y","volume":"13","author":"S Schwarz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwarz S (2016) Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for preventing poststroke infection. Neurotherapeutics 13(4):783\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-016-0466-y","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"10006","key":"2208_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00126-9","volume":"386","author":"L Kalra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalra L, Irshad S, Hodsoll J et al (2015) Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (STROKE-INF): a prospective, cluster-randomised, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial. Lancet 386(10006):1835\u20131844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00126-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2208_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.17.11068-0","volume":"83","author":"A Chieregato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chieregato A, Malacarne P, Cocciolo F et al (2017) Aggressive versus conservative antibiotic use to prevent and treat ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: comparison of two case series. Minerva Anestesiol 83(6):553\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0375-9393.17.11068-0","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2208_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113676","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113676","volume":"9","author":"D Poole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poole D, Chieregato A, Langer M et al (2014) Systematic review of the literature and evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma: results from an Italian consensus of experts. PLoS ONE 9(11):e113676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113676","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2208_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.064","volume":"158","author":"C Robba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robba C, Rebora P, Banzato E et al (2020) Incidence, risk factors, and effects on outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with traumatic brain injury: analysis of a large, multicenter, prospective, observational longitudinal study. Chest 158(6):2292\u20132303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.064","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2208_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy120","volume":"67","author":"V Dragan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dragan V, Wei Y, Elligsen M, Kiss A, Walker SAN, Leis JA (2018) Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for acute aspiration pneumonitis. Clin Infect Dis 67(4):513\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy120","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2208_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.12.010","volume":"50","author":"F Reizine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reizine F, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A et al (2019) Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis on ventilator-associated pneumonia in severe traumatic brain injury. A post hoc analysis of two trials. J Crit Care. 50:221\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.12.010","journal-title":"J Crit Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"2208_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03091-2","volume":"24","author":"R Zaragoza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zaragoza R, Vidal-Cort\u00e9s P, Aguilar G et al (2020) Update of the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU. Crit Care 24(1):383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-03091-2","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2208_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00773-w","volume":"32","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu C, Xiao W, Song T, Wang S (2020) Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis. Neurocrit Care 32(1):272\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00773-w","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"2208_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson AEW, Bulgarelli L, Shen L et al (2023) MIMIC-IV, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset. Sci Data 10:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-022-01899-x","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01899-x"},{"issue":"350","key":"2208_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","volume":"7","author":"GS Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KG (2015) Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. BMJ 7(350):g7594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g7594","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2208_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","volume":"44","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al (2007) Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 44(Suppl 2):S27-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/511159","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"2208_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7403","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247403","volume":"11","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu H, Geng X, Liu C et al (2022) Effect of folic acid treatment for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP): a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Med 11(24):7403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11247403","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2208_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995044","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.995044","volume":"1","author":"M Bouras","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bouras M, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A (2022) Immune modulation after traumatic brain injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 1(9):995044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.995044","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"13","key":"2208_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5399","volume":"35","author":"RM Ritzel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ritzel RM, Doran SJ, Barrett JP et al (2018) Chronic alterations in systemic immune function after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 35(13):1419\u20131436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5399","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"2208_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1765","volume":"6","author":"C Meisel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meisel C, Schwab JM, Prass K, Meisel A, Dirnagl U (2005) Central nervous system injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(10):775\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1765","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2208_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.835373","volume":"28","author":"S Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall S, Kumaria A, Belli A (2014) The role of vagus nerve overactivity in the increased incidence of pneumonia following traumatic brain injury. Br J Neurosurg 28(2):181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02688697.2013.835373","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2208_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021098","volume":"198","author":"K Prass","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prass K, Meisel C, H\u00f6flich C et al (2003) Stroke-induced immunodeficiency promotes spontaneous bacterial infections and is mediated by sympathetic activation reversal by poststroke T helper cell type 1-like immunostimulation. J Exp Med 198(5):725\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20021098","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2208_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.034","volume":"79","author":"R Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma R, Shultz SR, Robinson MJ et al (2019) Infections after a traumatic brain injury: the complex interplay between the immune and neurological systems. Brain Behav Immun 79:63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.034","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2208_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620972001","volume":"37","author":"JM Komisarow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Komisarow JM, Chen F, Vavilala MS, Laskowitz D, James ML, Krishnamoorthy V (2022) Epidemiology and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome following isolated severe traumatic brain injury. J Intensive Care Med 37(1):68\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066620972001","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2208_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008989","volume":"46","author":"O Engel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Engel O, Aky\u00fcz L, da Costa Goncalves AC et al (2015) Cholinergic pathway suppresses pulmonary innate immunity facilitating pneumonia after stroke. Stroke 46(11):3232\u20133240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2208_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000279479.69502.3e","volume":"70","author":"M Kox","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kox M, Pompe JC, Pickkers P, Hoedemaekers CW, van Vugt AB, van der Hoeven JG (2008) Increased vagal tone accounts for the observed immune paralysis in patients with traumatic brain injury. Neurology 70(6):480\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000279479.69502.3e","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2208_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02989.x","volume":"17","author":"HT Hendricks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hendricks HT, Heeren AH, Vos PE (2010) Dysautonomia after severe traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurol 17(9):1172\u20131177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02989.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-023-02208-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-023-02208-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-023-02208-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T18:18:36Z","timestamp":1705947516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-023-02208-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-023-02208-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The establishment of MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA), and consent was obtained for the original data collection. Research on clinical data approved by Shanxi Bethune Hospital Ethics Committee (YXLL-2022\u2013124) and Shanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital Ethics Committee (2022\u2013395).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"308"}}