{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T20:45:33Z","timestamp":1777322733865,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007833","name":"Hamad Medical Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is activated when the trigeminal nerve is manipulated through mechanical pressure, traction, or irritation. This leads to a rapid increase in parasympathetic activity, resulting in a decrease in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, which can potentially lead to bradycardia, and cardiac arrest, with a prevalence of 14.5% during neurointerventional procedures (8). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lidocaine injection on preventing TCR during cranial surgeries. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL electronic databases for clinical trials comparing the use of lidocaine versus placebo, or no intervention for TCR prevention during cranial surgeries up until 20 May 2024. Meta-analyses were performed using fixed-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed using I-squared and Chi-square tests. A total of five studies involving 421 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of TCR was significantly lower in the lidocaine group compared to the control group, with a risk ratio of 0.05 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.37,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003). Additionally, the lidocaine group had a relatively small change in HR, with a mean difference of -10.56 (95% CI -13.30 to -7.83 beat per minute,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.00001). No statistically significant difference in mean arterial pressure was observed between the two groups (MD -5.15, 95% CI [-10.38 to 0.08\u00a0mmHg],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.09). Our results suggest that lidocaine may be effective in preventing TCR and stabilizing HR. The use of lidocaine could be considered a prophylactic measure during cranial surgeries. Further studies are needed to investigate the optimal dose and timing of lidocaine administration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03449-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T22:51:05Z","timestamp":1742424665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The protective role of lidocaine in surgeries involving trigeminal nerve manipulation: a meta-analysis of trigeminocardiac reflex prevention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Almonzer","family":"Al-Qiami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Amro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Sarhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Arafeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Milad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulqadir J.","family":"Nashwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0458-4","volume":"251","author":"B Schaller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaller B (2004) Trigeminocardiac reflex A clinical phenomenon or a new physiological entity? J Neurol 251(6):658\u201365","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3449_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.07.117","volume":"17","author":"AK Jaiswal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jaiswal AK, Gupta D, Verma N, Behari S (2010) Trigeminocardiac reflex: a cause of sudden asystole during cerebellopontine angle surgery. J Clin Neurosci 17(5):641\u2013644","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3449_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.11.017","volume":"16","author":"A Seker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seker A, Toktas ZO, Peker S, Batirel HA, Necmettin PM (2009) Asystole due to trigemino-cardiac reflex: a rare complication of trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. J Clin Neurosci 16(2):338\u2013340","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3449_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0712-2","volume":"148","author":"H Prabhakar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Prabhakar H, Anand N, Chouhan RS, Bithal PK (2006) Sudden asystole during surgery in the cerebellopontine angle. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 148(6):699\u2013700","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3449_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e318277d38a","volume":"25","author":"T Chowdhury","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chowdhury T, West M (2013) Intraoperative asystole in a patient undergoing craniotomy under monitored anesthesia care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 25(1):92\u201393","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3449_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03026892","volume":"35","author":"VF Blanc","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blanc VF, Jacob JL, Milot J, Cyrenne L (1988) The oculorespiratory reflex revisited. Can J Anaesth 35(5):468\u2013472","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"3449_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120973","volume":"10","author":"Y Hammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammad Y, Mootz A, Klein K, Zuniga JR (2020) Trigeminocardiac Reflex Induced by Maxillary Nerve Stimulation during Sphenopalatine Ganglion Implantation: A Case Series. Brain Sci 10(12):973","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3449_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000723","volume":"34","author":"T Chowdhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chowdhury T, Rizk AA, Azazi EA, Venkatraghavan L, Shankar JS, Schaller B (2022) Brain and heart crosstalk during neurointerventional procedures: the role of the trigeminocardiac reflex: an updated systematic review. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 34(3):282\u2013287","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3449_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.06.014","volume":"116","author":"JIS Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang JIS, Yu HC, Chang YC (2017) Occurrence of trigeminocardiac reflex during dental implant surgery: An observational prospective study. J Formos Med Assoc 116(10):742\u20137","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3449_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01240-w","volume":"21","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang W, Cai H, Ding H, Xu X (2021) Case report: 2 cases of cardiac arrest caused by rhino-cardiac reflex while disinfecting nasal cavity before endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 21(1):18","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"3449_CR11","unstructured":"Kratschmer F (1870) Influences of reflexes of the nasal mucosa on breathing and circulatory. Sber Akad Wis Wien 62:147\u2013170"},{"key":"3449_CR12","first-page":"1529","volume":"21","author":"B Aschner","year":"1908","unstructured":"Aschner B (1908) Ueber einen bisher noch nicht beschriebenen Reflex vom Auge auf Kreislauf und Atmung. Wien Klin Woch 21:1529","journal-title":"Wien Klin Woch"},{"key":"3449_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdulazim A, Stienen MN, Sadr-Eshkevari P, Prochnow N, Sandu N, Bohluli B, Schaller B (2012) Trigeminocardiac reflex in neurosurgery-current knowledge and prospects. In: Explicative cases of controversial issues in neurosurgery. pp 3\u201318.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/29607","DOI":"10.5772\/29607"},{"issue":"4","key":"3449_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aat.2012.11.001","volume":"50","author":"CY Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen CY, Luo CF, Hsu YC, Chen JF, Day YJ (2012) Comparison of the effects of atropine and labetalol on trigeminocardiac reflex-induced hemodynamic alterations during percutaneous microballoon compression of the trigeminal ganglion. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan 50(4):153\u2013158","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan"},{"issue":"1","key":"3449_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000702","volume":"34","author":"CM Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang CM, Guan ZY, Zhao P, Huang HT, Zhang J, Li YF et al (2022) The Effect of Atropine on Trigeminocardiac Reflex-induced Hemodynamic Changes During Therapeutic Compression of the Trigeminal Ganglion. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 34(1):e40\u2013e45","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3449_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40981-021-00493-1","volume":"8","author":"A Yoshida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoshida A, Seki T, Aratani Y, Tanioku T, Kawamata T (2022) Prevention of trigeminocardiac reflex-induced severe bradycardia during cerebral aneurysm clipping surgery by topical anesthesia of the dura surface and atropine administration: a case report. JA Clin Rep 8(1):2","journal-title":"JA Clin Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3449_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/54.4.459","volume":"54","author":"JE Hunsley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hunsley JE, Bush GH, Jones CJ (1982) A study of glycopyrrolate and atropine in the suppression of the oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery in children. Br J Anaesth 54(4):459\u2013464","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2021","key":"3449_CR18","first-page":"2342347","volume":"5","author":"RL Coleman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coleman RL, Bezinover D, Jones DC, Cockroft KM, Parekh UR (2021) Intra-Arterial Lidocaine Blunts the Trigeminocardiac Reflex during Endovascular Treatment of a Carotid-Cavernous Fistula. Case Rep Anesthesiol 5(2021):2342347","journal-title":"Case Rep Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3449_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S373370","volume":"9","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Liu M, Guo W, He J, Li J (2022) The Effect of Trigeminal Ganglion Block on Trigeminocardiac Reflex in Elderly Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia Undergoing Percutaneous Balloon Compression: A Randomized Controlled Study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 9(18):1091\u20131098","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"9","key":"3449_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.01.026","volume":"69","author":"B Bohluli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bohluli B, Schaller BJ, Khorshidi-Khiavi R, Dalband M, Sadr-Eshkevari P, Maurer P (2011) Trigeminocardiac reflex, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, Gow-Gates block: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 69(9):2316\u20132320","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3449_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aef163","volume":"89","author":"A Scholz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scholz A (2002) Mechanisms of (local) anaesthetics on voltage-gated sodium and other ion channels. Br J Anaesth 89(1):52\u201361","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3449_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199004000-00022","volume":"72","author":"JF Butterworth","year":"1990","unstructured":"Butterworth JF, Strichartz GR (1990) Molecular mechanisms of local anesthesia: a review. Anesthesiology 72(4):711\u2013734","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3449_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.12.025","volume":"41","author":"E Yorgancilar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yorgancilar E, Gun R, Yildirim M, Bakir S, Akkus Z, Topcu I (2012) Determination of trigeminocardiac reflex during rhinoplasty. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41(3):389\u2013393","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"3449_CR24","unstructured":"graphreader.com - Online tool for reading graph image values and save as CSV \/ JSON [internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.graphreader.com\/. Accessed 15 Sept 2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"3449_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2022-018735","volume":"15","author":"Z Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Z, Wang R, Dong H, Li Z, Lu H, Hu Y (2023) Prophylactic intra-arterial injection of lidocaine: a novel strategy to prevent endovascular embolization-induced trigeminocardiac reflex. J Neurointerv Surg 15(5):473\u2013477","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"3449_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0664-z","volume":"152","author":"AT Tibano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tibano AT, de Siqueira SRDT, da N\u00f3brega JCM, Teixeira MJ (2010) Cardiovascular response during trigeminal ganglion compression for trigeminal neuralgia according to the use of local anesthetics. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 152(8):1347\u20131351","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3449_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.2.0215","volume":"90","author":"B Schaller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schaller B, Probst R, Strebel S, Gratzl O (1999) Trigeminocardiac reflex during surgery in the cerebellopontine angle. J Neurosurg 90(2):215\u2013220","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3449_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556301","volume":"6","author":"S Abramovich-Sivan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abramovich-Sivan S, Bitton Y, Karin J, David D, Akselrod S (1996) The effects of lidocaine on cardiac parasympathetic control in normal subjects and in subjects after myocardial infarction. Clin Auton Res 6(6):313\u2013319","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3449_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/58.7.701","volume":"58","author":"BG Covino","year":"1986","unstructured":"Covino BG (1986) Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Anaesth 58(7):701\u2013716","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"3449_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e3181a2bf22","volume":"21","author":"B Schaller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schaller B, Cornelius JF, Prabhakar H, Koerbel A, Gnanalingham K, Sandu N et al (2009) The trigemino-cardiac reflex: an update of the current knowledge. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 21(3):187\u2013195","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"3449_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg M (2005) Handbook of local anesthesia. Anesth Prog 52(1):39","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006(2005)52[39:HOLATE]2.0.CO;2"},{"issue":"10","key":"3449_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05693_1.x","volume":"63","author":"B Schaller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schaller B, Sandu N, Filis A, Buchfelder M (2008) Peribulbar block or topical application of local anaesthesia combined for paediatric strabismus surgery. Anaesthesia 63(10):1142\u20133","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"3449_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-024-01373-4","volume":"63","author":"KW Foong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Foong KW, Chaw SH, Lo YL, Loh PS (2024) Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine in adults: A systematic review. Clin Pharmacokinet 63(5):623\u2013643","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"3449_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.208","volume":"117","author":"DS Leon-Ariza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leon-Ariza DS, Leon-Ariza JS, Nangiana J, Vargas Grau G, Leon-Sarmiento FE, Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa A (2018) Evidences in neurological surgery and a cutting edge classification of the trigeminocardiac reflex: A systematic review. World Neurosurg 117:4\u201310","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3449_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000484","volume":"94","author":"C Meuwly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meuwly C, Golanov E, Chowdhury T, Erne P, Schaller B (2015) Trigeminal cardiac reflex: new thinking model about the definition based on a literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 94(5):e484","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"3449_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.03.018","volume":"110","author":"Q Meng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meng Q, Yang Y, Zhou M, Li X (2008) Trigemino-cardiac reflex: the trigeminal depressor responses during skull base surgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 110(7):662\u2013666","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"3449_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107834","volume":"231","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhang M, Guo H, Liu M, He J, Li J (2023) Risk factors associated with trigeminocardiac reflex in patients with trigeminal neuralgia during percutaneous balloon compression: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 231:107834","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3449_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14608","volume":"33","author":"C Heath","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heath C, Hii J, Thalayasingam P, von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Sommerfield D (2023) Perioperative intravenous lidocaine use in children. Paediatr Anaesth 33(5):336\u2013346","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3449_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-021-00454-2","volume":"23","author":"EA Hall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall EA, Sauer HE, Davis MS, Anghelescu DL (2021) Lidocaine infusions for pain management in pediatrics. Paediatr Drugs 23(4):349\u2013359","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"15","key":"3449_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/LRA.S325877","volume":"10","author":"P Cuvillon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cuvillon P, Lefrant JY, Gricourt Y (2022) Considerations for the use of local anesthesia in the frail elderly: current perspectives. Local Reg Anesth 10(15):71\u201375","journal-title":"Local Reg Anesth"},{"issue":"22","key":"3449_CR41","first-page":"e930837","volume":"2","author":"Z Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Z, Lu H, Hu Y (2021) Prophylactic Intra-Arterial Injection of Lidocaine Prevents Trigeminocardiac Reflex During Endovascular Embolization for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Report of 2 Cases. Am J Case Rep 2(22):e930837","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3449_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet244","volume":"111","author":"C Meuwly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meuwly C, Chowdhury T, Schaller B (2013) Topical lidocaine to suppress trigemino-cardiac reflex. Br J Anaesth 111(2):302","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"3449_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232784","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232784","volume":"12","author":"H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim H (2019) Sudden arrhythmia followed by bradycardia during sagittal split ramus osteotomy: trigeminocardiac reflex. BMJ Case Rep 12(12):e232784","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"3449_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235419","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235419","volume":"13","author":"H Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim H, Lim DG, Kim JE (2020) Asystole due to stimulation of the supraorbital nerve: abrupt and potentially fatal presentation of the trigeminocardiac reflex. BMJ Case Rep 13(8):e235419","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"32","key":"3449_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11967","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i32.11967","volume":"10","author":"S-Y Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho S-Y, Jang B-H, Jeon H-J, Kim D-J (2022) Repeated ventricular bigeminy by trigeminocardiac reflex despite atropine administration during superficial upper lip surgery: A case report. World J Clin Cases 10(32):11967\u201311973","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"44","key":"3449_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22467","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022467","volume":"99","author":"Q Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin Q, Wang Y (2020) Recurrent trigeminocardiac reflex in percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 99(44):e22467","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"Pt 22","key":"3449_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5431","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.215392","volume":"589","author":"X Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang X, Gorini C, Sharp D, Bateman R, Mendelowitz D (2011) Anaesthetics differentially modulate the trigeminocardiac reflex excitatory synaptic pathway in the brainstem. J Physiol (Lond) 589(Pt 22):5431\u20135442","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03449-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03449-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03449-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T04:13:41Z","timestamp":1772079221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03449-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03449-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was not required for this systematic review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was not required for this systematic review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"310"}}