{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:58:00Z","timestamp":1783727880797,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03555-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T22:56:39Z","timestamp":1746744999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of repeat discectomy alone versus with spinal fusion in recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4720-5711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4844-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaike","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9303-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0543-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larah","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1740-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vithor Ely Bortolin","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9450-3","volume":"10","author":"RJ Hlubek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hlubek RJ, Mundis GM (2017) Treatment for recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 10(4):517\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-017-9450-3","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3555_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_177_23","volume":"15","author":"G Musa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Musa G, Abakirov MD, Chmutin GE et al (2024) Advancing insights into recurrent lumbar disc herniation: A comparative analysis of surgical approaches and a new classification. J Craniovertebral Junction Spine 15(1):66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcvjs.jcvjs_177_23","journal-title":"J Craniovertebral Junction Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3555_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001600","volume":"86","author":"G Musa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Musa G, Makirov SK, Chmutin GE et al (2024) Management of recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a comparative analysis of posterior lumbar interbody fusion and repeat discectomy. Annals Med Surg 86(2):842\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001600","journal-title":"Annals Med Surg"},{"key":"3555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wnsx.2024.100275","volume":"22","author":"M Zileli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zileli M, Oertel J, Sharif S, Zygourakis C (2024) Lumbar disc herniation: prevention and treatment of recurrence: WFNS spine committee recommendations. World Neurosurgery: X 22:100275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wnsx.2024.100275","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery: X"},{"issue":"2","key":"3555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000337574.58662.E2","volume":"64","author":"MJ McGirt","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Ambrossi GLG, Datoo G et al (2009) Recurrent disc herniation and Long-Term back pain after primary lumbar discectomy: review of outcomes reported for limited versus aggressive disc removal. Neurosurgery 64(2):338\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000337574.58662.E2","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"3555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030748","volume":"11","author":"K Ono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ono K, Ohmori K, Yoneyama R, Matsushige O, Majima T (2022) Risk factors and surgical management of recurrent herniation after Full-Endoscopic lumbar discectomy using interlaminar approach. JCM 11(3):748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030748","journal-title":"JCM"},{"issue":"4","key":"3555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06674-3","volume":"30","author":"H Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi H, Zhu L, Jiang ZL, Wu XT (2021) Radiological risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective matched case-control study. Eur Spine J 30(4):886\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06674-3","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3555_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14271","volume":"21","author":"JC Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang JC, Dailey AT, Mummaneni PV et al (2014) Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 8: lumbar fusion for disc herniation and radiculopathy. SPI 21(1):48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.4.SPINE14271","journal-title":"SPI"},{"issue":"4","key":"3555_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4188-0","volume":"43","author":"H Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei H, Tang H, Zhang T, Chen H, Dong C (2019) Preliminary efficacy of inter-spinal distraction fusion which is a new technique for lumbar disc herniation. Int Orthop (SICOT) 43(4):899\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-018-4188-0","journal-title":"Int Orthop (SICOT)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3555_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06671-6","volume":"30","author":"AM Lehr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lehr AM, Delawi D, Van Susante JLC et al (2021) Long-term (>\u200910 years) clinical outcomes of instrumented posterolateral fusion for spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J 30(5):1380\u20131386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06671-6","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"3555_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219256822412491","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241249102","volume":"23","author":"PC C\u00f4mes","year":"2024","unstructured":"C\u00f4mes PC, Gavotto A, Zouakia Z et al (2024) Repeat discectomy or instrumented surgery for recurrent lumbar disk herniation: an overview of French spine surgeons\u2019 practice. Global spine journal. Published Online April 23:21925682241249102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682241249102","journal-title":"Published Online April"},{"issue":"1","key":"3555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41984-023-00253-6","volume":"39","author":"AG Elnaggar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elnaggar AG, Habib HAA (2024) Foraminal and Far lateral lumbar disc herniation: outcome of unilateral full facetectomy with instrumented fusion. Egypt J Neurosurg 39(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41984-023-00253-6","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"18","key":"3555_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1104","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001569","volume":"41","author":"M Mamuti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mamuti M, Fan S, Liu J et al (2016) Mini-open anterior lumbar interbody fusion for recurrent lumbar disc herniation following posterior instrumentation. Spine 41(18):E1104\u2013E1114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001569","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04806-9","volume":"19","author":"B An","year":"2024","unstructured":"An B, Ren B, Liu Y et al (2024) Clinical efficacy and complications of MIS-TLIF and TLIF in the treatment of upper lumbar disc herniation: a comparative study. J Orthop Surg Res 19(1):317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-024-04806-9","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"3555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E864","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002057","volume":"42","author":"JA O\u2019Donnell","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell JA, Anderson JT, Haas AR et al (2017) Treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation with or without fusion in workers\u2019 compensation subjects. Spine 42(14):E864\u2013E870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002057","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"3555_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S449949","volume":"17","author":"A Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin A, Wang Y, Zhang H et al (2024) Endoscopic revision strategies and outcomes for recurrent L4\/5 disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy. JPR 17:761\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S449949","journal-title":"JPR"},{"issue":"S1","key":"3555_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06194-9","volume":"29","author":"C Mehren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehren C, Wanke-Jellinek L, Korge A (2020) Revision after failed discectomy. Eur Spine J 29(S1):14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-019-06194-9","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3555_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.5.SPINE1616","volume":"26","author":"J Guan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guan J, Ravindra VM, Schmidt MH, Dailey AT, Hood RS, Bisson EF (2017) Comparing clinical outcomes of repeat discectomy versus fusion for recurrent disc herniation utilizing the N2QOD. SPI 26(1):39\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.5.SPINE1616","journal-title":"SPI"},{"key":"3555_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S283652","volume":"16","author":"A Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang A, Yu Z (2020) Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion as a revision surgery for recurrent lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy. TCRM 16:1185\u20131193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/TCRM.S283652","journal-title":"TCRM"},{"key":"3555_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.120","volume":"99","author":"Y Yao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yao Y, Zhang H, Wu J et al (2017) Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion versus percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: revision surgery for recurrent herniation after microendoscopic discectomy. World Neurosurg 99:89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.11.120","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3555_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.05.023","volume":"171","author":"P Kerezoudis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kerezoudis P, Goncalves S, Cesare JD et al (2018) Comparing outcomes of fusion versus repeat discectomy for recurrent lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 171:70\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.05.023","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"3555_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.05.004","volume":"66","author":"C Tanavalee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanavalee C, Limthongkul W, Yingsakmongkol W, Luksanapruksa P, Singhatanadgige W (2019) A comparison between repeat discectomy versus fusion for the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 66:202\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.05.004","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3555_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.12.091","volume":"173","author":"F Lei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei F, Yanfang L, Shangxing W, Weihao Y, Wei L, Jing T (2023) Spinal fusion versus repeat discectomy for recurrent lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 173:126\u2013135e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.12.091","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3555_CR24","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Published online 2022. www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"3555_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"29","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ Published Online March 29:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ Published Online March"},{"key":"3555_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"28","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ Published Online August 28:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ Published Online August"},{"issue":"jul22 1","key":"3555_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","volume":"343","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JPA et al (2011) Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 343(jul22 1):d4002\u2013d4002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d4002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3555_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steinmetz MP, Benzel EC (eds) (2017) Index. In: Benzel\u2019s Spine Surgery, 2-Volume Set (Fourth Edition). Elsevier;:I1-I75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-40030-5.00224-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-40030-5.00224-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"3555_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.121685","volume":"8","author":"AA El Shazly","year":"2013","unstructured":"El Shazly AA, El Wardany MA, Morsi AM (2013) Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: A prospective comparative study of three surgical management procedures. Asian J Neurosurg 8(3):139\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1793-5482.121685","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3555_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541514","volume":"5","author":"GB Langley","year":"1985","unstructured":"Langley GB, Sheppeard H (1985) The visual analogue scale: its use in pain measurement. Rheumatol Int 5(4):145\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00541514","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"22","key":"3555_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00123","volume":"31","author":"S D\u2019Oria","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Oria S, Giraldi D, Murrone D et al (2023) Minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion versus microdiscectomy without fusion for recurrent lumbar disk herniation: A prospective comparative study. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 31(22):1157\u20131164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00123","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3555_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu C, Zhou Y, Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy and Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation (2016) World Neurosurg 14\u201320 98. Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.10.056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.10.056"},{"issue":"5","key":"3555_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-007-1162-x","volume":"12","author":"M Fukui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fukui M, Chiba K, Kawakami M et al (2007) JOA back pain evaluation questionnaire: initial report. J Orthop Sci 12(5):443\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00776-007-1162-x","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3555_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2022.0210","volume":"17","author":"M Mosaad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mosaad M, Khozamy A, Barakat AS, Emran I, Elmeligy Y, Abulhamd A (2023) Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: does transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion lead to better clinical and radiological outcomes than Redo-Discectomy? Asian Spine J 17(5):862\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2022.0210","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"17","key":"3555_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16435","volume":"316","author":"DN Kyriacou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kyriacou DN, Lewis RJ (2016) Confounding by indication in clinical research. JAMA 316(17):1818\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.16435","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"3555_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-20-492","volume":"6","author":"MJ Reisener","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reisener MJ, Pumberger M, Shue J, Girardi FP, Hughes AP (2020) Trends in lumbar spinal Fusion\u2014a literature review. J Spine Surg 6(4):752\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jss-20-492","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"3555_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.8.SPINE21995","volume":"36","author":"PS Gadjradj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gadjradj PS, Smeele NVR, De Jong M et al (2022) Patient preferences for treatment of lumbar disc herniation: a discrete choice experiment. J Neurosurgery: Spine 36(5):704\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2021.8.SPINE21995","journal-title":"J Neurosurgery: Spine"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03555-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03555-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03555-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T04:19:41Z","timestamp":1772079581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03555-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03555-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based exclusively on previously published data. No new data was collected from human participants. Therefore, consent is not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"409"}}