{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1772085941437,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg CAMPUS GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurosurgical conditions and procedures are associated with varying in-hospital mortality rates, which represent one of several quality indicators. This study aims to determine and report in-hospital mortality rates across German neurosurgical departments in 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of all neurosurgical cases treated in Germany in 2023 was conducted using nationwide hospital billing data reported under \u00a7\u00a021 of the Hospital Remuneration Act. In-hospital mortality was defined as death during hospitalization (discharge status: deceased).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neurosurgical departments treated 222,158 inpatient cases, with 49% female and 48% aged\u2009\u2265\u200965 years. The overall mortality rate was 3.8% (8,338 cases), with significantly lower rates in females (3.3% vs. 4.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The most common fatal diagnoses included traumatic subdural hematomas (1,278 cases), subcortical intracerebral hemorrhages (611 cases) and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (504 cases). Mortality rates varied by diagnosis: malignant brain tumors (4%), cerebral metastases (6%), benign meningeal tumors (1.3%), non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (7%), intracerebral hemorrhages (29%), and traumatic subdural hematomas (12%). Mortality for selected procedures was 3% for primary brain tumor resections, 9% for vascular reconstructions, 1% for spinal fusions, 2% for dynamic stabilizations, and 4% for vertebral body replacements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzes and reports neurosurgical in-hospital mortality rates in Germany, providing a national benchmark that may inform clinicians, policymakers, and patients. While the use of administrative billing data imposes inherent limitations \u2014 particularly regarding clinical detail and causality \u2014 the findings may offer a foundation for future research. Subsequent studies should aim to explore disease- and procedure-specific mortality more granularly and may identify underlying risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03664-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T22:52:44Z","timestamp":1750632764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inpatient neurosurgical mortality in germany: a comprehensive analysis of 2023 in-hospital data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Marcel A.","family":"Kamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Jungk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Fehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Dinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian H.","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"von Sass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3664_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donabedian A (2005) Evaluating the quality of medical care. 1966. 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Approval for the study protocol was granted by the institutional and local ethics committee at Brandenburg Medical School, Germany (Study ID: 190032024-ANF). Our manuscript exclusively utilized publicly available data, no individual patient data, thus obviating the need for individual patient consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"AI-assisted technology was neither used for the generation, evaluation or interpretation of the data presented in the manuscript, nor for the creation of text, figures or tables. AI-based tools (chat GPT) may have been used to improve language and text readability.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"525"}}