{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T03:20:51Z","timestamp":1764904851137,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"MGB Clinical Process Improvement Leadership"},{"name":"MGB United Against Racism (UAR) fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03974-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T02:19:29Z","timestamp":1764901169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["United against racism: enhancing access and patient experience for black and Hispanic patients in Neuro-oncological care"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Emmy","family":"Duerr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishab","family":"Ramapriyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel O.","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine G.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxwell F.","family":"Blanch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Headley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Owolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Valery","family":"Coumans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Massaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenya","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3974_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Fiscella, K. & Sanders, M. R. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Quality of Health Care. Annu Rev Public Health 37, 375\u2013394 (2016).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021439"},{"key":"3974_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A. & Davis, B. A. Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research. Annu Rev Public Health 40, 105\u2013125 (2019).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750"},{"key":"3974_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Bryant, A. S. et al. A Health System Framework for Addressing Structural Racism: Mass General Brigham\u2019s United Against Racism Initiative. Health Equity 7, 533\u2013542 (2023).","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2023.0077"},{"key":"3974_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. McCray, E. et al. Racial disparities in inpatient clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes in brain metastasis. Neurooncol Pract 10, 62\u201370 (2023).","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npac061"},{"key":"3974_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Ruggs, E. N., Hebl, M. & Shockley, K. M. Fighting the 400-Year Pandemic: Racism Against Black People in Organizations. J Bus Psychol 38, 1\u20135 (2023).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-022-09855-7"},{"key":"3974_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Braveman, P. A. et al. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice. Am J Public Health 101 Suppl 1, S149-55 (2011).","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300062"},{"key":"3974_CR7","unstructured":"7. Department of Innovation and Technology. Census Data for 2022 Redistricting. https:\/\/data.boston.gov\/dataset\/census-data-for-2022-redistricting (2022)."},{"key":"3974_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Kind, A. J. H. & Buckingham, W. R. Making Neighborhood-Disadvantage Metrics Accessible - The Neighborhood Atlas. N Engl J Med 378, 2456\u20132458 (2018).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313"},{"key":"3974_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Barnes-Josiah, D., Myntti, C. & Augustin, A. The \u201cthree delays\u201d as a framework for examining maternal mortality in Haiti. Soc Sci Med 46, 981\u2013993 (1998).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)10018-1"},{"key":"3974_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.23.00006","volume":"19","author":"JA Iasiello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iasiello JA, Rajan A, Zervos E, Parikh AA, Snyder RA (2023) Racial differences in patient-reported access to telehealth: an important and unmeasured social determinant of health. JCO Oncol Pract 19:1215\u20131223","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"3974_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Jacobs, E. A. et al. Impact of Interpreter Services on Delivery of Health Care to Limited\u2013English-proficient Patients. J Gen Intern Med 16, 468 (2001).","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016007468.x"},{"key":"3974_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.25291","volume":"6","author":"M Labban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labban M et al (2023) Disparities in travel-related barriers to accessing health care from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. JAMA Netw Open 6:E2325291","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3974_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001458","volume":"36","author":"E Owolo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Owolo E et al (2023) The association between sociodemographic factors, social determinants of health, and spine surgical patient portal utilization. Clin Spine Surg 36:301\u2013309","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"3974_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46044","volume":"10","author":"EH Son","year":"2023","unstructured":"Son EH, Nahm E-S (2023) Adult patients\u2019 experiences of using a patient portal with a focus on perceived benefits and difficulties, and perceptions on privacy and security: qualitative descriptive study. JMIR Hum Factors 10:e46044","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"key":"3974_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac227","volume":"30","author":"C Richwine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Richwine C, Johnson C, Patel V (2023) Disparities in patient portal access and the role of providers in encouraging access and use. J Am Med Inform Assoc 30:308\u2013317","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"3974_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz023","volume":"26","author":"LV Grossman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grossman LV et al (2019) Interventions to increase patient portal use in vulnerable populations: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 26:855\u2013870","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"3974_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20174","volume":"77","author":"LD Richardson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richardson LD, Norris M (2010) Access to health and health care: how race and ethnicity matter. Mt Sinai J Med J Transl Pers Med 77:166\u2013177","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med J Transl Pers Med"},{"key":"3974_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238356","volume":"15","author":"JA Mitchell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitchell JA, Perry R (2020) Disparities in patient-centered communication for Black and Latino men in the U.S.: cross-sectional results from the 2010 health and retirement study. PLoS One 15:e0238356","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3974_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07995-3","volume":"38","author":"LE Escobedo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Escobedo LE, Cervantes L, Havranek E (2023) Barriers in healthcare for Latinx patients with limited English proficiency-a narrative review. J Gen Intern Med 38:1264\u20131271","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"3974_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.24583","volume":"3","author":"J Takeshita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takeshita J et al (2020) Association of racial\/ethnic and gender concordance between patients and physicians with patient experience ratings. JAMA Netw Open 3:e2024583","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3974_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.06.012","volume":"166","author":"C Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao C, Dowzicky P, Colbert L, Roberts S, Kelz RR (2019) Race, gender, and language concordance in the care of surgical patients: a systematic review. Surgery 166:785\u2013792","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"3974_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.02.127","volume":"150","author":"PJ Gabriel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabriel PJ, Alexander J, K\u0101rkli\u0146a A (2021) Diversity in neurosurgery: trends in gender and racial\/ethnic representation among applicants and residents from U.S. neurological surgery residency programs. World Neurosurg 150:e305\u2013e315","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3974_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Balasubramanian, S. et al. Women in Neurosurgery (WIN): Barriers to progress, world WIN directory and the way forward. Asian J Neurosurg 15, 828\u2013832 (2020).","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_108_20"},{"key":"3974_CR24","unstructured":"24. Hill, L. & Artiga, S. Racial Disparities in Cancer Outcomes, Screening, and Treatment. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/issue-brief\/racial-disparities-in-cancer-outcomes-screening-and-treatment\/?utm (2022)."},{"key":"3974_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.29238","volume":"4","author":"BE Landon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Landon BE, Onnela J-P, Meneades L, O\u2019Malley AJ, Keating NL (2021) Assessment of racial disparities in primary care physician specialty referrals. JAMA Netw Open 4:e2029238","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3974_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad242","volume":"26","author":"JA Budhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Budhu JA et al (2024) Defining interventions and metrics to improve diversity in CNS clinical trial participation: a SNO and RANO effort. Neuro Oncol 26:596\u2013608","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"3974_CR27","unstructured":"27. Williamson, T. L. Closing the Health Equity Gap in Neurosurgical Care. https:\/\/advances.massgeneral.org\/neuro\/article.aspx?id=1464&utm_source=chatgpt.com (2022)."},{"key":"3974_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Lei, H. et al. Associations of race and socioeconomic status with outcomes after intracranial meningioma resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol 163, 529\u2013539 (2023).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04393-5"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03974-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03974-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03974-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T02:19:32Z","timestamp":1764901172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03974-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-025-03974-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital Institutional Review Board (Protocol #2022P000390).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interests declared.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interests"}},{"value":"Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"49"}}