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While early decompressive hemicraniectomy has been shown to improve outcomes in selected patients, identifying those at risk for MBE remains a clinical challenge.\u00a0This study aimed to develop a simple and practical scoring system based on non-contrast CT imaging obtained approximately 24 h after stroke onset to support early prediction and timely intervention.\u00a0We conducted a retrospective cohort study of LHI patients who underwent non-contrast CT imaging within 24\u2009\u00b1\u20098 h of symptom onset. Radiographic parameters assessed included infarct volume (ABC\/2 method), ASPECTS, anterior or posterior cerebral artery territory involvement, temporal lobe involvement, midline shift, lateral ventricle compression, intercaudate distance, Sylvian fissure effacement and sulcal effacement. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of MBE. A weighted scoring system was then developed based on the regression model and internally validated using ROC analysis.\u00a0Among 62 patients included, 38 (61.3%) developed MBE. Infarct volume and midline shift were independently associated with MBE. A scoring system (SIriraj Malignant Brain Edema Prediction by Lesion Volume and Edema Shift \u2013 SIMPLE) was derived using infarct volume\u2009\u2265\u2009106 mL (two points) and midline shift\u2009\u2265\u20091.6 mm (one point). The score demonstrated excellent discriminative performance (AUC 0.951, 95% CI: 0.899\u20131.002). A cutoff score\u2009\u2265\u20092 yielded 89.5% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. A dual-threshold strategy, using score 0 to rule out and score three to rule in, achieved 97.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity, providing clear clinical guidance for observation, medical management, or early neurosurgical intervention.\u00a0The SIMPLE score is a rapid and reliable tool using routine CT imaging to predict MBE in LHI patients at an optimal 24-hour timepoint. Its simplicity and strong predictive accuracy may assist clinicians in early risk stratification and timely treatment decisions. Further prospective validation is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-04021-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:33:34Z","timestamp":1767659614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of the SIMPLE scoring system for predicting malignant brain edema in patients with large hemispheric infarction following acute ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Songrit","family":"Vuttipongkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekawut","family":"Chankaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bunpot","family":"Sitthinamsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4021_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550040037012","volume":"53","author":"W Hacke","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hacke W, Schwab S, Horn M, Spranger M, De Georgia M, von Kummer R (1996) \u201cMalignant\u201d middle cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical course and prognostic signs. 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