{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:12:58Z","timestamp":1785017578076,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["7234363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7234363"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82171887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-04026-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:57:27Z","timestamp":1766797047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Choroid plexus enlargement correlates with cognitive dysfunction and disease progression in Moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Pengjun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoran","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junze","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokuan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4026_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012","volume":"20","author":"J Suzuki","year":"1969","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Takaku A (1969) Cerebrovascular moyamoya disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain. Arch Neurol 20:288\u2013299","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00165-X","volume":"21","author":"M Ihara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ihara M, Yamamoto Y, Hattori Y et al (2022) Moyamoya disease: diagnosis and interventions. Lancet Neurol 21:747\u2013758","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR3","first-page":"e19812","volume":"13","author":"R Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller R, Unda SR, Holland R, Altschul DJ (2021) Western moyamoya phenotype: a scoping review. Cureus 13:e19812","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4026_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000312712.55567.E6","volume":"62","author":"P Karzmark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karzmark P, Zeifert PD, Tan S, Dorfman LJ, Bell-Stephens TE, Steinberg GK (2008) Effect of Moyamoya disease on neuropsychological functioning in adults. Neurosurgery 62:1048\u20131051 discussion 1051\u20131052","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4026_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2018.01550","volume":"20","author":"A Kronenburg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kronenburg A, van den Berg E, van Schooneveld MM, Braun KPJ, Calviere L, van der Zwan A, Klijn CJM (2018) Cognitive functions in children and adults with moyamoya vasculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke 20:332\u2013341","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"4026_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221140349","volume":"43","author":"X-X Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen X-X, Zhang H-D, Fu H-G et al (2023) Association of cognitive function and hypoperfusion in moyamoya disease patients without stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 43:542\u2013551","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4026_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230979","volume":"97","author":"KZX Toh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Toh KZX, Koh MY, Loh EDW, Sia C-H, Chong Y, Yeo LLL, Sharma VK, Lim MJR, Tan BYQ (2024) Prevalence and associations of cognitive impairment in adult patients with moyamoya disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 97:541\u2013552","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"4026_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903794","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.903794","volume":"14","author":"F Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han F, Luo C, Lv D, Tian L, Qu C (2022) Risk factors affecting cognitive impairment of the elderly aged 65 and over: a cross-sectional study. Front Aging Neurosci 14:903794","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"4026_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107064","volume":"32","author":"E Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan E, Gal A-M, Van Harskamp N, Adams ME, Brown MM, Werring DJ, Cipolotti L, Simister R (2023) Long-term study of the cognitive profile of Moyamoya Disease in adults. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 32:107064","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"4026_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182320d1a","volume":"70","author":"P Karzmark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karzmark P, Zeifert PD, Bell-Stephens TE, Steinberg GK, Dorfman LJ (2012) Neurocognitive impairment in adults with Moyamoya disease without stroke. Neurosurgery 70:634\u2013638","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4026_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-024-01296-z","author":"H Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu H, Zhu C, Liu T et al (2024) Alterations in the glymphatic system and association with brain structure and cognitive function in Moyamoya disease. Transl Stroke Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-024-01296-z","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"4026_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-024-01250-z","author":"C Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng C, Zhai Y, Ge P et al (2024) Glymphatic impairment associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in Moyamoya disease. Transl Stroke Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-024-01250-z","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"4026_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212400","volume":"304","author":"JD Choi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choi JD, Moon Y, Kim H-J, Yim Y, Lee S, Moon W-J (2022) Choroid plexus volume and permeability at brain MRI within the alzheimer disease clinical spectrum. Radiology 304:635\u2013645","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4026_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15999","volume":"30","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeong SH, Jeong H-J, Sunwoo MK, Ahn SS, Lee S-K, Lee PH, Kim YJ, Sohn YH, Park CJ, Chung SJ (2023) Association between choroid plexus volume and cognition in Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 30:3114\u20133123","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000087935","volume":"20","author":"K Houkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Houkin K, Nakayama N, Kuroda S, Nonaka T, Shonai T, Yoshimoto T (2005) Novel magnetic resonance angiography stage grading for Moyamoya disease. Cerebrovasc Dis Basel Switz 20:347\u2013354","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis Basel Switz"},{"key":"4026_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Fujimura M, Takahashi J, Kataoka H, Ogasawara K, Iwama T, Tominaga T, Miyamoto S, Research Committee on Moyamoya Disease (2022) (Spontaneous Occlusion of Circle of Willis) of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, Japan Diagnostic Criteria for Moyamoya Disease \u2013\u20092021 Revised Version. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 62:307\u2013312","DOI":"10.2176\/jns-nmc.2022-0072"},{"key":"4026_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00525-9","volume":"21","author":"JJ Eisma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eisma JJ, McKnight CD, Hett K, Elenberger J, Han CJ, Song AK, Considine C, Claassen DO, Donahue MJ (2024) Deep learning segmentation of the choroid plexus from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): validation and normative ranges across the adult lifespan. Fluids Barriers CNS 21:21","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"4026_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01876-0","volume":"20","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Z, He S, Xu Z, Duan R, Yuan L, Xiao C, Yi Z, Wang R (2020) Association between white matter impairment and cognitive dysfunction in patients with ischemic Moyamoya disease. BMC Neurol 20:302","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00672-x","volume":"22","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Z, He S, Wei Y, Duan R, Zhang C, Li T, Ma N, Lou X, Wang R, Liu X (2021) Changes of cerebral cortical structure and cognitive dysfunction in \u201chealthy hemisphere\u201d after stroke: a study about cortical complexity and sulcus patterns in bilateral ischemic adult moyamoya disease. BMC Neurosci 22:66","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"4026_CR20","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler adult intelligence Scale\u2013Revised","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wechsler D (1981) Manual for the Wechsler adult intelligence Scale\u2013Revised. The Psychological Corporation, New York"},{"key":"4026_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/h0020586","volume":"51","author":"JR Simon","year":"1967","unstructured":"Simon JR, Rudell AP (1967) Auditory S-R compatibility: the effect of an irrelevant cue on information processing. J Appl Psychol 51:300\u2013304","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"4026_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101680","volume":"182","author":"CRA Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos CRA, Duarte AC, Costa AR, Tom\u00e1s J, Quintela T, Gon\u00e7alves I (2019) The senses of the choroid plexus. Prog Neurobiol 182:101680","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"4026_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2021.1903390","volume":"36","author":"D Hutton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hutton D, Fadelalla MG, Kanodia AK, Hossain-Ibrahim K (2022) Choroid plexus and CSF: an updated review. Br J Neurosurg 36:307\u2013315","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4026_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2016.12.002","volume":"44","author":"CRA Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santos CRA, Duarte AC, Quintela T, Tom\u00e1s J, Albuquerque T, Marques F, Palha JA, Gon\u00e7alves I (2017) The choroid plexus as a sex hormone target: functional implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 44:103\u2013121","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"4026_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00603-y","volume":"21","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Z, Li C, Zhang J, Wisniewski T, Ge Y (2024) Choroid plexus aging: structural and vascular insights from the HCP-aging dataset. Fluids Barriers CNS 21:98","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"4026_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.12.004","volume":"44","author":"RL Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen RL, Kassem NA, Redzic ZB, Chen CPC, Segal MB, Preston JE (2009) Age-related changes in choroid plexus and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function in the sheep. Exp Gerontol 44:289\u2013296","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"4026_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474439","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1474439","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, Yao Q, Huang X, Yang X, Yu C (2024) The role and mechanism of A\u03b2 clearance dysfunction in the glymphatic system in Alzheimer\u2019s disease comorbidity. Front Neurol 15:1474439","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12970","volume":"19","author":"M \u010carna","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u010carna M, Onyango IG, Katina S et al (2023) Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: involvement of the choroid plexus. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia 19:3537\u20133554","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"key":"4026_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204426","volume":"301","author":"VAG Ricigliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ricigliano VAG, Morena E, Colombi A et al (2021) Choroid plexus enlargement in inflammatory multiple sclerosis: 3.0-T MRI and translocator protein PET evaluation. Radiology 301:166\u2013177","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4026_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007412","volume":"99","author":"JM Serot","year":"2000","unstructured":"Serot JM, B\u00e9n\u00e9 MC, Foliguet B, Faure GC (2000) Morphological alterations of the choroid plexus in late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 99:105\u2013108","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"4026_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00017","volume":"9","author":"I Gonz\u00e1lez-Marrero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Marrero I, Gim\u00e9nez-Llort L, Johanson CE, Carmona-Calero EM, Casta\u00f1eyra-Ruiz L, Brito-Armas JM, Casta\u00f1eyra-Perdomo A, Castro-Fuentes R (2015) Choroid plexus dysfunction impairs beta-amyloid clearance in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Cell Neurosci 9:17","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"4026_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2121","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011797","volume":"96","author":"SJ Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Shin N-Y, Park YW, Lee HS, Hong J-M, Kim YJ, Lee S-K, Lee PH, Sohn YH (2021) Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia and long-term motor prognosis in newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Neurology 96:e2121\u2013e2131","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4026_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1528995","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen S, Wang H, Zhang L, Xi Y, Lu Y, Yu K, Zhu Y, Regina I, Bi Y, Tong F (2025) Glymphatic system: a self-purification circulation in brain. Front Cell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1528995","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"4026_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","volume":"17","author":"MK Rasmussen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rasmussen MK, Mestre H, Nedergaard M (2018) The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol 17:1016\u20131024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X241245492","volume":"44","author":"S Hara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hara S, Kikuta J, Takabayashi K et al (2024) Decreased diffusivity along the perivascular space and cerebral hemodynamic disturbance in adult Moyamoya disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 44:1787\u20131800","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4026_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25381","volume":"102","author":"L Jin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jin L, Hu J, Han G et al (2024) Glymphatic system impairment in the advanced stage of Moyamoya disease. J Neurosci Res 102:e25381","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"4026_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26648","volume":"94","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhong W et al (2023) Choroid plexus enlargement exacerbates white matter hyperintensity growth through glymphatic impairment. Ann Neurol 94:182\u2013195","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.10","volume":"11","author":"ND Prins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prins ND, Scheltens P (2015) White matter hyperintensities, cognitive impairment and dementia: an update. Nat Rev Neurol 11:157\u2013165","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"4026_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221140349","volume":"43","author":"X Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen X, Zhang H, Fu H et al (2023) Association of cognitive function and hypoperfusion in moyamoya disease patients without stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 43:542\u2013551","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4026_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.7.PEDS19312","volume":"25","author":"K Kazumata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kazumata K, Tokairin K, Sugiyama T, Ito M, Uchino H, Osanai T, Kawabori M, Nakayama N, Houkin K (2020) Association of cognitive function with cerebral blood flow in children with Moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg Pediatr 25:62\u201368","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"4026_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502318","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1502318","volume":"18","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, He S, Wang R (2024) Cognitive dysfunction in Moyamoya disease: latest developments and future directions. Front Hum Neurosci 18:1502318","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"4026_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019851277","volume":"14","author":"N Egorova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Egorova N, Gottlieb E, Khlif MS, Spratt NJ, Brodtmann A (2019) Choroid plexus volume after stroke. Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc 14:923\u2013930","journal-title":"Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc"},{"key":"4026_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279385","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1279385","volume":"17","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Lin L, Bhuiyan MIH, He K, Jha R, Song S, Fiesler VM, Begum G, Yin Y, Sun D (2023) Transient ischemic stroke triggers sustained damage of the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 17:1279385","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"4026_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19872563","volume":"40","author":"SE Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson SE, McKnight CD, Lants SK, Juttukonda MR, Fusco M, Chitale R, Donahue PC, Claassen DO, Donahue MJ (2020) Choroid plexus perfusion and intracranial cerebrospinal fluid changes after angiogenesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 40:1658\u20131671","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"4026_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlv030","volume":"75","author":"C Kaur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaur C, Rathnasamy G, Ling E-A (2016) The choroid plexus in healthy and diseased brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 75:198\u2013213","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04026-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04026-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04026-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T02:02:11Z","timestamp":1766800931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04026-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04026-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No. KY2022-032-03).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for participation was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No identifying personal information is included in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"91"}}