{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:43:12Z","timestamp":1768545792413,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maltepe University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDDD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. Emerging as main controllers in its pathogenesis are microRNAs (miRNAs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Through the JAK\/STAT signalling pathway, HSA-miR-186-5p has been linked to modulating cytokine expression, including interleukin-2 (IL-2). The aim is to find the expression levels of IL-2 and HSA-miR-186-5p in LDDDpatients and investigate their possible correlation with disease degree. 110 LDDD patients and 17 healthy controls wereincluded. ELISA measured serum IL-2 concentrations, and RT-qPCRestimated miR-186-5p levels. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) guidedpatients into five subgroups (G1\u2013G5). One-way ANOVA and correlationanalysis were applied in statistical comparisons. LDDD patients had notably higher IL-2 levels than controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). According to the subgroup analysis, the IL-2 concentration peaked inG2 and G3 and gradually dropped toward G5. By contrast, miR-186-5pexpression was noticeably lowered in the LDDD group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), with G1and G5 having the lowest levels found. Across groups, an inverse trend in IL-2 and miR-186-5p expression was noted. Results imply a dysregulated interaction between HSA-miR-186-5p and IL-2 in LDDD. Particularly in early and moderate stages ofdisease, miR-186-5p downregulation could help to explain increased IL-2-mediated inflammation. These biomarkers could provide information ondisease activity and present targets for new treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-04065-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:57:52Z","timestamp":1768438672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regulatory function of HSA-miR-186-5p on interleukin-2 expression in lumbar degenerative disc disease: a case-control study and subgroups analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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J Clin Med 14:1772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14051772","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4065_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00713-z","volume":"18","author":"V Francisco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Francisco V, Pino J, Gonzalez-Gay MA et al (2022) A new immunometabolic perspective of intervertebral disc degeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol 18:47\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-021-00713-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"4065_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150157","volume":"43","author":"BP Towler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Towler BP, Jones CI, Newbury SF (2015) Mechanisms of regulation of mature MiRNAs. 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Biomed Pharmacother 97:607\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.152","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04065-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04065-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04065-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:03:31Z","timestamp":1768482211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04065-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04065-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of University of Health Sciences, \u00dcmraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (Approval No: 228, Date: 07 August 2025).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants signed an informed consent form allowing their data to be used for scientific purposes.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"126"}}