{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:58:45Z","timestamp":1791669525624,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1400-3-163-56137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1400-3-163-56137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-04091-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:18:20Z","timestamp":1770347900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative predictive performance of computed tomography scoring systems in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review, Bayesian comparison, and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4761-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Khavandegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8472-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4551-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Khodadoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1551-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahgol Sadat","family":"Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahereh","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5851-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Safari Dehnavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8676-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Ganau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Prisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6272-2402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazaleh","family":"Kheiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6704-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Ramzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4099-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maral","family":"Moafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7025-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0342-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadra","family":"Kheiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4473-1479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soroush","family":"Mozaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9457-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ramezanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6892-8969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mohammad Sina","family":"Hosseini Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4610-102X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mohammad Sajad","family":"Hosseini Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8747-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6500-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayan","family":"Dabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7213-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sharif-Alhoseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00037-0","volume":"21","author":"D Clark","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clark D, Joannides A, Adeleye AO, Bajamal AH, Bashford T, Biluts H et al (2022) Casemix, management, and mortality of patients receiving emergency neurosurgery for traumatic brain injury in the global neurotrauma outcomes study: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 21(5):438\u2013449","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4091_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13814","volume":"18","author":"R Raj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raj R, Skrifvars M, Bendel S, Selander T, Kivisaari R, Siironen J et al (2014) Predicting six-month mortality of patients with traumatic brain injury: usefulness of common intensive care severity scores. Crit Care 18(2):R60","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4091_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63521-1.00029-7","volume":"128","author":"AI Maas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maas AI, Lingsma HF, Roozenbeek B (2015) Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol 128:455\u2013474","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1083","key":"4091_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2014-133211","volume":"92","author":"S Currie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Currie S, Saleem N, Straiton JA, Macmullen-Price J, Warren DJ, Craven IJ (2016) Imaging assessment of traumatic brain injury. Postgrad Med J 92(1083):41\u201350","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3742","volume":"38","author":"B Bonds","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonds B, Dhanda A, Wade C, Diaz C, Massetti J, Stein DM (2021) Prognostication of mortality and long-term functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury: can we do better? J Neurotrauma 38(8):1168\u20131176","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.05.011","volume":"66","author":"R Pargaonkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pargaonkar R, Kumar V, Menon G, Hegde A (2019) Comparative study of computed tomographic scoring systems and predictors of early mortality in severe traumatic brain injury. J Clin Neurosci 66:100\u2013106","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000186013.63046.6B","volume":"57","author":"AI Maas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maas AI, Hukkelhoven CW, Marshall LF, Steyerberg EW (2005) Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic characteristics: a comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery 57(6):1173\u20131182","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"4091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.37275\/sjs.v8i1.118","volume":"8","author":"FA Kasyfi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kasyfi FA, Patih AM, Bahar E (2024) Predicting postoperative mortality in head injury patients: evaluating the accuracy of Rotterdam score. Sriwijaya J Surg 8(1):788\u2013800","journal-title":"Sriwijaya J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000533","volume":"75","author":"R Raj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raj R, Siironen J, Skrifvars MB, Hernesniemi J, Kivisaari R (2014) Predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury: development of a novel computerized tomography classification system (Helsinki computerized tomography score). Neurosurgery 75(6):632\u2013647","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"4091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e060679","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-060679","volume":"12","author":"A Fletcher-Sandersj\u00f6\u00f6","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fletcher-Sandersj\u00f6\u00f6 A, Tatter C, Yang L, Pont\u00e9n E, Boman M, Lassar\u00e9n P et al (2022) Stockholm score of lesion detection on computed tomography following mild traumatic brain injury (SELECT-TBI): study protocol for a multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study. BMJ Open 12(9):e060679","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"22","key":"4091_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5311","volume":"35","author":"M Wintermark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wintermark M, Li Y, Ding VY, Xu Y, Jiang B, Ball RL et al (2018) Neuroimaging radiological interpretation system for acute traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 35(22):2665\u20132672","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4091_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saputri AE, Priscila E, Praja RK, Ysrafil Y (2025) Deciphering the effectiveness of computed tomography scoring systems in improving mortality prediction for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Journal of Trauma and Injury","DOI":"10.20408\/jti.2025.0009"},{"issue":"1","key":"4091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-03071-y","volume":"47","author":"A Naeimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naeimi A, Aghajanian S, Jafarabady K, Aletaha R, Maroufi SF, Khorasanizadeh M et al (2024) Prognostic value of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in acute traumatic brain injury in prediction of poor neurological outcome and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 47(1):837","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"4091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"issue":"8","key":"4091_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB et al (2011) QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med 155(8):529\u2013536","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4091_CR16","first-page":"S287","volume":"9","author":"LF Marshall","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, Van Berkum Clark M, Eisenberg H, Jane JA et al (1992) The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography. J Neurotrauma 9(Suppl 1):S287\u2013S292","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"02","key":"4091_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"069","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1727404","volume":"19","author":"R Mishra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mishra R, Ucros HEV, Florez-Perdomo WA, Suarez JR, Moscote-Salazar LR, Rahman MM et al (2022) Predictive value of Rotterdam score and Marshall score in traumatic brain injury: a contemporary review. Indian J Neurotrauma 19(02):069\u2013077","journal-title":"Indian J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"4091_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1159\/000447566","volume":"25","author":"B Jovanovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jovanovic B, Milan Z, Djuric O, Markovic-Denic L, Karamarkovic A, Gregoric P et al (2016) Twenty-eight-day mortality of blunt traumatic brain injury and co-injuries requiring mechanical ventilation. Med Principles Pract 25(5):435\u2013441","journal-title":"Med Principles Pract"},{"key":"4091_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04074-1","volume":"161","author":"M Lindfors","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindfors M, Lindblad C, Nelson DW, Bellander B-M, Siironen J, Raj R et al (2019) Prognostic performance of computerized tomography scoring systems in civilian penetrating traumatic brain injury: an observational study. Acta Neurochir 161:2467\u20132478","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"4091_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Chen D, Zhou L, Sun Z-L, Wang B-C, Feng D-F (2022) Prognostic value of different computed tomography scoring systems in patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing decompressive craniectomy. J Comput Assist Tomogr, Publish Ahead of Print.","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001343"},{"key":"4091_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-021-00901-6","volume":"29","author":"D Khaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khaki D, Hietanen V, Corell A, Herg\u00e8s HO, Ljungqvist J (2021) Selection of CT variables and prognostic models for outcome prediction in patients with traumatic brain injury. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 29:1\u20139","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4091_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05353-0","volume":"164","author":"J Vehvil\u00e4inen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vehvil\u00e4inen J, Skrifvars M, Reinikainen M, Bendel S, Laitio R, Hoppu S et al (2022) External validation of the neuroimaging radiological interpretation system and Helsinki computed tomography score for mortality prediction in patients with traumatic brain injury treated in the intensive care unit: a Finnish intensive care consortium study. Acta Neurochir 164(10):2709\u20132717","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"1","key":"4091_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009221101313","volume":"36","author":"H Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu H, Wright DW, Allen JW, Ding V, Boothroyd D, Glushakova OY et al (2023) Accuracy of head computed tomography scoring systems in predicting outcomes for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A protect III ancillary study. Neuroradiol J 36(1):38\u201348","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4091_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6401","volume":"37","author":"SA Dijkland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dijkland SA, Foks KA, Polinder S, Dippel DW, Maas AI, Lingsma HF et al (2020) Prognosis in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of contemporary models and validation studies. J Neurotrauma 37(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"4091_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050165","volume":"5","author":"EW Steyerberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steyerberg EW, Mushkudiani N, Perel P, Butcher I, Lu J, McHugh GS et al (2008) Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics. PLoS Med 5(8):e165","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4091_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.JNS172780","volume":"128","author":"PM Brennan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brennan PM, Murray GD, Teasdale GM (2018) Simplifying the use of prognostic information in traumatic brain injury. Part 1: the GCS-Pupils score: an extended index of clinical severity. J Neurosurg 128(6):1612\u20131620","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4091_CR29","unstructured":"Prisco L, Ganau M (2012) Early predictive factors on mortality in head injured patients: a retrospective analysis of 112 traumatic brain injured patients. J Neurosurg Sci 56(2)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4091_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.12.JNS232644","volume":"141","author":"GW Hawryluk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hawryluk GW (2024) Prognostication in traumatic brain injury: now what? J Neurosurg 141(2):412\u2013416","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4091_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_203_2022","volume":"13","author":"D Dasic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dasic D, Morgan L, Panezai A, Syrmos N, Ligarotti GK, Zaed I et al (2022) A scoping review on the challenges, improvement programs, and relevant output metrics for neurotrauma services in major trauma centers. Surg Neurol Int 13:171","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04091-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04091-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04091-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:18:26Z","timestamp":1770347906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04091-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-025-04091-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is registered in the PROSPERO database under the registration number CRD42022383102. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Research Ethics Committees of the School of Medicine at Tehran University of Medical Sciences with the reference code IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1400.1394.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"198"}}