{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T01:42:54Z","timestamp":1776649374961,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-026-04190-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T01:12:38Z","timestamp":1776647558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An analysis of postoperative outcomes of bilateral water sign and facial spasm after decompression: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feilong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4190_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923089","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.923089","volume":"15","author":"B Szmyd","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szmyd B, So\u0142ek J, B\u0142aszczyk M, Jankowski J, Liberski PP, Jask\u00f3lski DJ, Wysiadecki G, Karuga FF, Gabryelska A, Sochal M, Tubbs RS, Radek M (2022) The Underlying Pathogenesis of Neurovascular Compression Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Front Mol Neurosci 15:923089","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"4190_CR2","first-page":"667","volume":"109","author":"C Rosenstengel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosenstengel C, Matthes M, Baldauf J, Fleck S, Schroeder H (2012) Hemifacial spasm: conservative and surgical treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int 109:667\u2013673","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"4190_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880080702","volume":"8","author":"VK Nielsen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nielsen VK (1985) Electrophysiology of the facial nerve in hemifacial spasm: ectopic\/ephaptic excitation. Muscle Nerve 8:545\u2013555","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"4190_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1999.11740957","volume":"21","author":"AR M\u00f8ller","year":"1999","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AR (1999) Vascular compression of cranial nerves: II: pathophysiology. Neurol Res 21:439\u2013443","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"4190_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.3.0569","volume":"61","author":"AR M\u00f8ller","year":"1984","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AR, Jannetta PJ (1984) On the origin of synkinesis in hemifacial spasm: results of intracranial recordings. J Neurosurg 61:569\u2013576","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4190_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.2.0201","volume":"82","author":"FG Barker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barker FG, Jannetta PJ, Bissonette DJ, Shields PT, Larkins MV, Jho HD (1995) Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg 82:201\u2013210","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4190_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/9\/0410","volume":"109","author":"M Dannenbaum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dannenbaum M, Lega BC, Suki D, Harper RL, Yoshor D (2008) Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: long-term results from 114 operations performed without neurophysiological monitoring. J Neurosurg 109:410\u2013415","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4190_CR8","first-page":"833","volume":"118","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Wang Y, Zhang S-x, Zhang L, Li R, Guo J (2005) Microvascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasm: report of 1200 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 118:833\u2013836","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"4190_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2018.01.001","volume":"64","author":"M Sindou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sindou M, Mercier P (2018) Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: Outcome on spasm and complications. A review. Neurochirurgie 64:106\u2013116","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"issue":"11","key":"4190_CR10","first-page":"1094","volume":"19","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li S, Hao S (2020) Xu Dan, etc, Bilateral water sign: a new imaging sign for evaluating 265 neurovascular compression in primary trigeminal neuralgia(in Chinese) [J]. Chin J 266 Neurol 19(11):1094\u20131097","journal-title":"Chin J 266 Neurol"},{"key":"4190_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcab146","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab146","volume":"3","author":"MA Hughes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hughes MA, Traylor KS, Branstetter Iv BF, Eubanks KP, Chang Y-F, Sekula RF (2021) Imaging predictors of successful surgical treatment of hemifacial spasm. Brain Commun 3:fcab146","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"4190_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.086","volume":"146","author":"HC Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko HC, Lee SH, Shin HS (2021) Facial nerve indentation in hemifacial spasm: an analysis of factors contributing to the formation of and consequent effects associated with indentation. World Neurosurg 146:e1083\u2013e1091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.086","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4190_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of facial spasm (2014 edn) Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery 19:528\u2013532. [in Chinese] https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11850\/j.issn.1009-122X.2014.11.018","DOI":"10.11850\/j.issn.1009-122X.2014.11.018"},{"key":"4190_CR14","first-page":"839","volume":"12","author":"R Tash","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tash R, DeMerritt J, Sze G, Leslie D (1991) Hemifacial spasm: MR imaging features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12:839\u2013842","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"4190_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(02)00993-X","volume":"59","author":"H Fukuda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fukuda H, Ishikawa M, Okumura R (2003) Demonstration of neurovascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm with magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with surgical findings in 60 consecutive cases. Surg Neurol 59:93\u201399 discussion 99-100","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"4190_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(96)00364-3","volume":"47","author":"Y Kumon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kumon Y, Sakaki S, Kohno K, Ohta S, Ohue S, Miki H (1997) Three-dimensional imaging for presentation of the causative vessels in patients with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia. Surg Neurol 47:178\u2013184","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"4190_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.JNS08393","volume":"111","author":"AM Raslan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raslan AM, DeJesus R, Berk C, Zacest A, Anderson JC, Burchiel KJ (2009) Sensitivity of high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography and three-dimensional spoiled-gradient recalled imaging in the prediction of neurovascular compression in patients with hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg 111:733\u2013736","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4190_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38600","volume":"10","author":"G Xiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiang G, Sui M, Jiang N, Luo R, Xia J, Wei X, Lin Y, Li X, Cai Z, Lin J, Li S, Chen W, Zhao Y, Yang L (2024) The progress in epidemiological, diagnosis and treatment of primary hemifacial spasm. Heliyon 10:e38600","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4190_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1941-4","volume":"156","author":"M Ohta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ohta M, Kobayashi M, Wakiya K, Takamizawa S, Niitsu M, Fujimaki T (2014) Preoperative assessment of hemifacial spasm by the coronal heavily T2-weighted MR cisternography. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 156:565\u2013569","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"4190_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1833158","volume":"43","author":"S Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han S, Li Y, Li Z, Wang X, Gao J (2021) Two-dimensional structure analysis of hemifacial spasms and surgical outcomes of microvascular decompression. Neurol Res 43:173\u2013180","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"4190_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab030","volume":"144","author":"KS Traylor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Traylor KS, Sekula RF, Eubanks K, Muthiah N, Chang Y-F, Hughes MA (2021) Prevalence and severity of neurovascular compression in hemifacial spasm patients. Brain 144:1482\u20131487","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"4190_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.02.004","volume":"127","author":"S Kameyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kameyama S, Masuda H, Shirozu H, Ito Y, Sonoda M, Kimura J (2016) Ephaptic transmission is the origin of the abnormal muscle response seen in hemifacial spasm. Clin Neurophysiol 127:2240\u20132245","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4190_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.4.0821","volume":"60","author":"P Kim","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kim P, Fukushima T (1984) Observations on synkinesis in patients with hemifacial spasm. Effect of microvascular decompression and etiological considerations. J Neurosurg 60:821\u2013827","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4190_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198505000-00005","volume":"16","author":"AR M\u00f8ller","year":"1985","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AR, Jannetta PJ (1985) Microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm: intraoperative electrophysiological observations. Neurosurgery 16:612\u2013618","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"4190_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.3390\/life13091825","volume":"13","author":"KR Cho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cho KR, Park SK, Park K (2023) Lateral spread response: unveiling the smoking gun for cured hemifacial spasm. Life 13(9):1825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13091825","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"4190_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01411719","volume":"138","author":"M Ishikawa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ishikawa M, Ohira T, Namiki J, Gotoh K, Takase M, Toya S (1996) Electrophysiological investigation of hemifacial spasm: F-waves of the facial muscles. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 138:24\u201332","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"4190_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-016-0729-4","volume":"39","author":"S Terasaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Terasaka S, Asaoka K, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi H, Motegi H, Houkin K (2016) A significant correlation between delayed cure after microvascular decompression and positive response to preoperative anticonvulsant therapy in patients with hemifacial spasm. Neurosurg Rev 39:607\u2013613","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"4190_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4683","volume":"37","author":"SA-O Haller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haller SA-O, Etienne LA-O, K\u00f6vari EA-O, Varoquaux AA-O, Urbach HA-O, Becker MA-O (2016) Imaging of neurovascular compression syndromes: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37(8):1384\u20131392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A4683","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"4190_CR29","unstructured":"Szmyd B, So\u0142ek J, B\u0142aszczyk M, Jankowski J, Liberski PP, Jask\u00f3lski DJ, Wysiadecki G, Karuga FF, Gabryelska A, Sochal M, Tubbs RS, Radek M the underlying pathogenesis of neurovascular compression syndromes: a systematic review"},{"issue":"7","key":"4190_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11072009","volume":"11","author":"M Malicki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malicki M, Szmyd BM, Bobeff EJ, Karuga FF, Piotrowski MM, Ko\u015bcio\u0142ek D, Wanibuchi S, Radek M, Jask\u00f3lski DJ (2023) The superior cerebellar artery: variability and clinical significance. Biomedicines 11(7):2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11072009","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"4190_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12020452","volume":"12","author":"D Ko\u015bcio\u0142ek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ko\u015bcio\u0142ek D, Kobierecki M, Tokarski M et al (2024) The anterior inferior cerebral artery variability in the context of neurovascular compression syndromes: a narrative review. Biomedicines 12(2):452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12020452","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"12","key":"4190_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1168-1","volume":"153","author":"B Guclu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guclu B, Sindou M, Meyronet D, Streichenberger N, Simon E, Mertens P (2011) Cranial nerve vascular compression syndromes of the trigeminal, facial and vago-glossopharyngeal nerves: comparative anatomical study of the central myelin portion and transitional zone; correlations with incidences of corresponding hyperactive dysfunctional syndromes. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 153(12):2365\u20132375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-011-1168-1","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4190_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01739-x","volume":"45","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Lyu L, Chen C, Yin S, Jiang S, Zhou P (2022) The outcome of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 45(3):2201\u20132210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-022-01739-x","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04190-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04190-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04190-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T01:12:41Z","timestamp":1776647561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04190-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04190-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received ethical approval from the Clinical Trial Institution Review Committee of Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital. All patient information was de-identified, and patient consent to participate or publish was waived by the ethics committee. Data may be shared upon reasonable request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"361"}}