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We retrospectively examined 147 patients with gliomas treated at a Brazilian quaternary neuro-oncology center during 2018\u20132023 and performed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis\/Synthesis without Meta-Analysis\u2013based systematic review of observational studies (incorporating eight cohorts;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097779) published since 2015. The patients\u2019 median age at diagnosis was 55 (range 20\u201386) years. Glioblastoma was the predominant glioma type (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200991, 61.9%), followed by astrocytoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200932, 21.8%) and oligodendroglioma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924, 16.3%). VTE events occurred in 5 (3.4%) patients, 4 (80%) with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)\u2013wild-type glioblastoma (5.6% incidence within this subgroup) and 1 (20%) with IDH-mutant astrocytoma; no thrombosis was identified in patients with oligodendrogliomas. All five events (three pulmonary thromboembolism [PTE] and two lower-limb deep-vein thrombosis [DVT]) events) occurred within 6 months of surgery, clustered in patients aged between 41 and 60 years and evenly distributed by sex. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) was not observed. In the systematic review, the VTE incidence rate was 6.2%\u201331% in grade 4 gliomas and 1.4%\u20135.2% in grades 2 and 3. DVT comprised 60% of thromboembolic events; PTE, 35%; and CVT, 5%. Poor performance status, a surgery duration of &gt;\u20094\u00a0h, and bevacizumab exposure increased the risk for VTE, whereas IDH mutation reduced it by ~\u200970%. The median time from surgery to VTE diagnosis was 21\u201390 days, and 30-day mortality after VTE was 7%\u201315%. Findings show that large, prospective, multicenter, molecularly annotated glioma cohorts remain vital for thrombosis risk stratification and targeted prophylactic strategy development.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical trial number: Not applicable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-026-04299-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:06:32Z","timestamp":1777082792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of venous thromboembolism in adult-type diffuse gliomas at a quaternary neuro-oncology center: a retrospective cross-sectional study and systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7448-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"de Sousa Bernardes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4706-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"de Oliveira Woehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7274-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Gon\u00e7alves","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7723-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Esteves","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Luiz Vitorino","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.2844","volume":"8","author":"TR Berger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berger TR, Wen PY, Lang-Orsini M, Chukwueke UN (2022) World Health Organization 2021 classification of central nervous system tumors and implications for therapy for adult-type gliomas: a review. 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The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of the University Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo approved this study (protocol number: 69045123.5.0000.5479).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed Consent Was Obtained from All Participants Included in the Study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Because of its observational design, written informed consent was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"377"}}