{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T01:09:16Z","timestamp":1779412156419,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-026-04325-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1779408846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The safety and efficacy of perioperative nefopam for analgesia in spine surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7263-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temidayo","family":"Osunronbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Okechukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Adeyeye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoubeyr","family":"Abbou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mtemeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhair","family":"Karmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4325_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021507003031","volume":"25","author":"M Sommer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sommer M, De Rijke JM, Van Kleef M et al (2008) The prevalence of postoperative pain in a sample of 1490 surgical inpatients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 25(4):267\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0265021507003031","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4325_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8237.161589","volume":"6","author":"SJS Bajwa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bajwa SJS, Haldar R (2015) Pain management following spinal surgeries: An appraisal of the available options. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 6(3):105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-8237.161589","journal-title":"J Craniovertebr Junction Spine"},{"issue":"26 Suppl","key":"4325_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S274","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e31820240f8","volume":"35","author":"A Buvanendran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buvanendran A, Thillainathan V (2010) Preoperative and postoperative anesthetic and analgesic techniques for minimally invasive surgery of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35(26 Suppl):S274\u2013S280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0b013e31820240f8","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4325_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2013.10.008","volume":"10","author":"A Lanas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lanas A, Benito P, Alonso J et al (2014) Safe Prescription Recommendations for Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Consensus Document Elaborated by Nominated Experts of Three Scientific Associations (SER-SEC-AEG). Reumatolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica 10(2):68\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reumae.2013.10.008","journal-title":"Reumatolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"},{"issue":"15","key":"4325_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004695","volume":"48","author":"SE Lindsay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lindsay SE, Philipp T, Ryu WHA et al (2023) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Acute Post-operative Period Are Associated with an Increased Incidence of Pseudarthrosis, Hardware Failure, and Revision Surgery Following Single-level Spinal Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 48(15):1057\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004695","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4325_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2014.27.2.103","volume":"27","author":"KH Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim KH, Abdi S (2014) Rediscovery of nefopam for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Korean J Pain 27(2):103\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3344\/kjp.2014.27.2.103","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"4325_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198019040-00001","volume":"19","author":"RC Heel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Heel RC, Brogden RN, Pakes GE et al (1980) Nefopam: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy. Drugs 19(4):249\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-198019040-00001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"4325_CR8","first-page":"491","volume":"25","author":"S Yoon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoon S, Lee H, Bin, Na KJ et al (2022) Effect of Continuous Infusion of Intravenous Nefopam on Postoperative Opioid Consumption After Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Physician 25(6):491\u2013500","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"5","key":"4325_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.01.079","volume":"37","author":"P Pinsornsak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinsornsak P, Sukkarnkosol S, Boontanapibul K (2022) Does Nefopam Provide Analgesic Effect and Reduce Morphine Consumption After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Arthroplasty 37(5):845\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2022.01.079","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"10","key":"4325_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0089","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000010089","volume":"97","author":"T Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao T, Shen Z, Sheng S (2018) The efficacy and safety of nefopam for pain relief during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta-analysis. Med (Baltim) 97(10):e0089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000010089","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4325_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg264","volume":"91","author":"B Du Manoir","year":"2003","unstructured":"Du Manoir B, Aubrun F, Langlois M et al (2003) Randomized prospective study of the analgesic effect of nefopam after orthopaedic surgery. Br J Anaesth 91(6):836\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeg264","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"4325_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.01980.x","volume":"56","author":"O Mimoz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mimoz O, Incagnoli P, Josse C et al (2001) Analgesic efficacy and safety of nefopam vs. propacetamol following hepatic resection. Anaesthesia 56(6):520\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.01980.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"4325_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S224478","volume":"13","author":"JY Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee JY, Sim WS, Cho NR, Kim BW, Moon JY, Park HJ (2020) The antiallodynic effect of nefopam on vincristine-induced neuropathy in mice. J Pain Res 13:323\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S224478","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4325_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0559-8","volume":"18","author":"SH Oh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oh SH, Yoon MH, Lim KJ et al (2018) Nefopam downregulates autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in the regulation of neuropathic pain development following spinal nerve ligation. BMC Anesthesiol 18(1):97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-018-0559-8","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4325_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2022.0358","volume":"17","author":"P Chalermkitpanit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chalermkitpanit P, Yingsakmongkol W, Limthongkul W et al (2023) Perioperative Intravenous Nefopam on Pain Management and Ambulation after Open Spine Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study. Asian Spine J 17(4):632\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2022.0358","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"4325_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22909.2","volume":"9","author":"J Eiamcharoenwit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eiamcharoenwit J, Chotisukarat H, Tainil K et al (2020) Analgesic efficacy of intravenous nefopam after spine surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. F1000Res 9:516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.22909.2","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4325_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J et al (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"4325_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","volume":"368","author":"M Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell M, McKenzie JE, Sowden A et al (2020) Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: Reporting guideline. BMJ 368:I6890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6890","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4325_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ et al (2019) RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:I4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4325_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T (2014) Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol 14:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4325_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA et al (2011) GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction - GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 64(4):383\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4325_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.17116\/neiro20198302171","volume":"83","author":"PG Genov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Genov PG, Timerbaev VK, Dolgasheva NS et al (2019) The effect of various multimodal analgesia regimens during surgical treatment of patients with spinal stenosis on the rate of failed back surgery syndrome. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 83(2):71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17116\/neiro20198302171","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko"},{"key":"4325_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2021.0337","volume":"16","author":"P Chalermkitpanit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chalermkitpanit P, Limthongkul W, Yingsakmongkol W et al (2022) Analgesic Effect of Intravenous Nefopam for Postoperative Pain in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study. Asian Spine J 16:651\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2021.0337","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4325_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.35975\/apic.v28i4.2370","volume":"28","author":"XD Le","year":"2024","unstructured":"Le XD, Nguyen ML, Nguyen DT et al (2024) Combined nefopam-fentanyl use in PCA for postoperative analgesia in spinal surgery patients: a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial. Anaesth pain intensive care 28(4):687\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35975\/apic.v28i4.2370","journal-title":"Anaesth pain intensive care"},{"issue":"43","key":"4325_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31296","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031296","volume":"101","author":"M Raksakietisak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raksakietisak M, Rushatamukayanunt P, Wilaiwan K et al (2022) Postoperative analgesia of intraoperative nefopam in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Medicine 101(43):e31296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000031296","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"4325_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7468","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237468","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin S, Lee YS, Kim D et al (2023) Effect of Nefopam on Dysesthesia, Postoperative Pain, and Satisfaction in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized Study. J Clin Med 12(23):7468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12237468","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4325_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2016.29.1.40","volume":"29","author":"YM Ok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ok YM, Cheon JH, Choi EJ et al (2016) Nefopam Reduces Dysesthesia after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy. Korean J Pain 29(1):40\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3344\/kjp.2016.29.1.40","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"4325_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e083866","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-083866","volume":"389","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Yao L, Murad MH et al (2025) Core GRADE 6: presenting the evidence in summary of findings tables. BMJ 389:e083866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2024-083866","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"4325_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R et al (2011) GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence\u2013imprecision. J Clin Epidemiol 64(12):1283\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4325_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2019.01.004","volume":"10","author":"HSM Vahedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vahedi HSM, Hajebi H, Vahidi E et al (2019) Comparison between intravenous morphine versus fentanyl in acute pain relief in drug abusers with acute limb traumatic injury. World J Emerg Med 10(1):27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2019.01.004","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4325_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.06.009","volume":"123","author":"H Shim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shim H, Gan TJ (2019) Side effect profiles of different opioids in the perioperative setting: are they different and can we reduce them? Br J Anaesth 123(3):266\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2019.06.009","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"4325_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12506","volume":"43","author":"P Girard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Girard P, Chauvin M, Verleye M (2016) Nefopam analgesia and its role in multimodal analgesia: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 43(1):3\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12506","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4325_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182701a7b","volume":"257","author":"D Borsook","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borsook D, Kussman BD, George E et al (2013) Surgically induced neuropathic pain: Understanding the perioperative process. Ann Surg 257(3):403\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182701a7b","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"4325_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2147\/LRA.S62160","volume":"7","author":"N Vadivelu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vadivelu N, Mitra S, Schermer E et al (2014) Preventive analgesia for postoperative pain control: A broader concept. Local Reg Anesth 7:17\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/LRA.S62160","journal-title":"Local Reg Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"4325_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318295fd50","volume":"38","author":"LS Patak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patak LS, Tait AR, Mirafzali L et al (2013) Patient perspectives of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and methods for improving pain control and patient satisfaction. Reg Anesth Pain Med 38(4):326\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318295fd50","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4325_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013383","volume":"84","author":"PS Myles","year":"2000","unstructured":"Myles PS, Williams DL, Hendrata M et al (2000) Patient satisfaction after anaesthesia and surgery: Results of a prospective survey of 10,811 patients. Br J Anaesth 84(1):6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013383","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"4325_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0306-5251.2007.02960.x","volume":"64","author":"H Beloeil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beloeil H, Eurin M, Th\u00e9venin A et al (2007) Effective dose of nefopam in 80% of patients (ED80): A study using the continual reassessment method. Br J Clin Pharmacol 64(5):686\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0306-5251.2007.02960.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4325_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200506000-00022","volume":"102","author":"N Delage","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delage N, Maaliki H, Beloeil H et al (2005) Median effective dose (ED50) of nefopam and ketoprofen in postoperative patients: A study of interaction using sequential analysis and isobolographic analysis. Anesthesiology 102(6):1211\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200506000-00022","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04325-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04325-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04325-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:14:07Z","timestamp":1779408847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04325-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04325-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this systematic review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this systematic review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"415"}}