{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T01:26:53Z","timestamp":1786670813659,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010391","name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurosurg Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-026-04447-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:29:54Z","timestamp":1786667394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and molecular characteristics of thalamic gliomas in adults: prognostic impact of TERT promoter mutation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8829-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Muragaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Masui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiichi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Koriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buntou","family":"Ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Kawamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.6.0730","volume":"18","author":"D Tovi","year":"1961","unstructured":"Tovi D, Schisano G, Liljeqvist B (1961) Primary tumors of the region of the thalamus. J Neurosurg 18:730\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1961.18.6.0730","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4447_CR2","first-page":"109","volume":"40","author":"S Nishio","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nishio S, Morioka T, Suzuki S, Hamada J, Yano S, Fukui M (1997) Thalamic gliomas: A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Neurosurgery 40:109\u2013116","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4447_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P et al (2021) The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol 23:1231\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4447_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001897","volume":"46","author":"L Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng L, Gong J, Yu T et al (2022) Diffuse Midline Gliomas With Histone H3 K27M Mutation in Adults and Children: A Retrospective Series of 164 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 46(6):863\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001897","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4447_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.3.PEDS2250","volume":"30","author":"HG Vuong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vuong HG, Le HT, Jea A, McNall-Knapp R, Dunn IF (2022) Risk stratification of H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas based on anatomical locations: an integrated systematic review of individual participant data. J Neurosurg Pediatr 30:99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2022.3.PEDS2250","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"4447_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-022-03943-7","volume":"156","author":"S Grimaldi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grimaldi S, Harlay V, Appay R et al (2022) Adult H3K27M mutated thalamic glioma patients display a better prognosis than unmutated patients. J Neurooncol 156(3):615\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-022-03943-7","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"4447_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.005","volume":"82","author":"A Dono","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dono A, Takayasu T, Ballester LY, Esquenazi Y (2020) Adult diffuse midline gliomas: clinical, radiological, and genetic characteristics. J Clin Neurosci 82(Pt A):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.005","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4447_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2020.694","volume":"53","author":"C Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park C, Kim TM, Bae JM et al (2021) Clinical and genomic characteristics of adult diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Res Treat 53(2):389\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4143\/crt.2020.694","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"4447_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not144","volume":"16","author":"K Aihara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aihara K, Mukasa A, Gotoh K et al (2014) H3F3A K27M mutations in thalamic gliomas from young adult patients. Neuro Oncol 16(1):140\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/not144","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4447_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now274","volume":"19","author":"D Meyronet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meyronet D, Esteban-Mader M, Bonnet C et al (2017) Characteristics of H3 K27M-mutant gliomas in adults. Neuro Oncol 19(8):1127\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/now274","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4447_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14307","volume":"29","author":"X Gong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gong X, Kuang S, Deng D, Wu J, Zhang L, Liu C (2023) Differences in survival prognosticators between children and adults with H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. CNS Neurosci Ther 29(12):3863\u20133875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14307","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"4447_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.07.002","volume":"46","author":"J Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng J, Hao S, Pan C et al (2015) The H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults. Hum Pathol 46(11):1626\u20131632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.07.002","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4447_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12336","volume":"26","author":"DA Solomon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Solomon DA, Wood MD, Tihan T et al (2016) Diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3-K27M mutation: A series of 47 cases assessing the spectrum of morphological variation and associated genetic alterations. Brain Pathol 26(5):569\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bpa.12336","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4447_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaa142","volume":"2","author":"JD Schulte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schulte JD, Buerki RA, Lapointe S et al (2020) Clinical, radiologic, and genetic characteristics of histone H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in adults. Neurooncol Adv 2(1):vdaa142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdaa142","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"4447_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vdab038","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdab038","volume":"3","author":"Y Osada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Osada Y, Saito R, Shibahara I et al (2021) H3K27M and TERT promoter mutations are poor prognostic factors in surgical cases of adult thalamic high-grade gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 3(1):vdab038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/noajnl\/vdab038","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"4447_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.912166","volume":"12","author":"XM Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu XM, Nie XY, Xu KL et al (2022) H3K27M mutation doesn\u2019t mean worse prognosis in old patients. Front Oncol 12:912166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.912166","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4447_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3541","volume":"28","author":"PY Wen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Reardon DA et al (2010) Updated response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: response assessment in neuro-oncology working group. J Clin Oncol 28(11):1963\u20131972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3541","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4447_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-025-00497-0","volume":"42","author":"K Masui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Masui K, Onizuka H, Muragaki Y, Kawamata T, Kurata A, Komori T (2025) Progression of long-term untreated oligodendroglioma cases: possible contribution of genomic instability. Brain Tumor Pathol 42(2):43\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10014-025-00497-0","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4447_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-024-00484-X","volume":"41","author":"K Masui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masui K, Onizuka H, Muragaki Y, Kawamata T, Kurata A, Komori T (2024) Intratumoral heterogeneity of CDKN2A deletions in IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 41(2):92\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10014-024-00484-X","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4447_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.13005","volume":"45","author":"K Masui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Masui K, Onizuka H, Muragaki Y et al (2025) Integrated assessment of malignancy in IDH-mutant astrocytoma with p16 and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase immunohistochemistry. Neuropathology 45(1):66\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/neup.13005","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4447_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00153.x","volume":"18","author":"M Preusser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Preusser M, Charles Janzer R, Felsberg J et al (2008) Anti-O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma multiforme: observer variability and lack of association with patient survival impede its use as clinical biomarker. Brain Pathol 18(4):520\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2008.00153.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4447_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.6078","volume":"24","author":"MJ van den Bent","year":"2006","unstructured":"van den Bent MJ, Carpentier AF, Brandes AA et al (2006) Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine improves progression-free survival but not overall survival in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas: a randomized European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 24(18):2715\u20132722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.6078","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4447_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03898-1","volume":"155","author":"P Palmisciano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palmisciano P, El Ahmadieh TY, Haider AS et al (2021) Thalamic gliomas in adults: a systematic review of clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes. J Neurooncol 155(3):215\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-021-03898-1","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"4447_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.04.015","volume":"78","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Li Z, Zhang M et al (2018) H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in different anatomical locations. Hum Pathol 78:89\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.04.015","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4447_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002118","volume":"47","author":"A Muench","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muench A, Teichmann D, Spille D et al (2023) A novel type of IDH-wildtype glioma characterized by gliomatosis cerebri-like growth pattern, TERT promoter mutation, and distinct epigenetic profile. Am J Surg Pathol 47(12):1364\u20131375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002118","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4447_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02686-x","volume":"148","author":"LP Priesterbach-Ackley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Priesterbach-Ackley LP, Cordier F, de Witt Hamer P et al (2024) Diffuse, IDH-wildtype gliomas in adults with minimal histological change and isolated TERT promoter mutation: not simply CNS WHO grade 4. Acta Neuropathol 148(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-024-02686-x","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4447_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1141-6","volume":"126","author":"H Arita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arita H, Narita Y, Fukushima S et al (2013) Upregulating mutations in the TERT promoter commonly occur in adult malignant gliomas and are strongly associated with total 1p19q loss. Acta Neuropathol 126(2):267\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-013-1141-6","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"15","key":"4447_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303607110","volume":"110","author":"PJ Killela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Killela PJ, Reitman ZJ, Jiao Y et al (2013) TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(15):6021\u20136026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1303607110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"4447_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01796-9","volume":"71","author":"T Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang T, Niu X, Gao T, Zheng L, Qiu Y, Mao Q (2021) Molecular characteristics of thalamic gliomas in adults. J Mol Neurosci 71(8):1598\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-021-01796-9","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4447_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox149","volume":"20","author":"M Karremann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karremann M, Gielen GH, Hoffmann M et al (2018) Diffuse high-grade gliomas with H3 K27M mutations carry a dismal prognosis independent of tumor location. Neuro Oncol 20(1):123\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/nox149","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"4447_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407279","volume":"372","author":"JE Eckel-Passow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eckel-Passow JE, Lachance DH, Molinaro AM et al (2015) Glioma groups based on 1p\/19q, IDH, and TERT promoter mutations in tumors. N Engl J Med 372(26):2499\u20132508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1407279","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04447-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04447-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04447-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:29:55Z","timestamp":1786667395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04447-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-026-04447-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-2320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-2320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University (approval no. 3540-R6).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for written informed consent was waived because only pseudonymized clinical data were used.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"523"}}