{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:16:46Z","timestamp":1772770606606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-018-01389-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1552543683000},"page":"557-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Three-year follow-up of a phase II study of radium-223 dichloride in Japanese patients with symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Uemura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroji","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satsohi","family":"Nagamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Wakumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kikukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yokomizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Masumori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihide","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Yonese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasutomo","family":"Nasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Fukasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seigo","family":"Kinuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hosono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iku","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Akagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1389_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1053\/hp.2000.6698","volume":"31","author":"L Bubendorf","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bubendorf L, Sch\u00f6pfer A, Wagner U et al (2000) Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1,589 patients. Hum Pathol 31(5):578\u2013583","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2011.7","volume":"14","author":"N Sathiakumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sathiakumar N, Delzell E, Morrisey MA et al (2011) Mortality following bone metastasis and skeletal-related events among men with prostate cancer: a population-based analysis of US Medicare beneficiaries, 1999\u20132006. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 14(2):177\u2013183. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pcan.2011.7","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1389_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2514","volume":"16","author":"AJ Armstrong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armstrong AJ, Garrett-Mayer E, de Wit R et al (2010) Prediction of survival following first-line chemotherapy in men with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16(1):203\u2013211. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2514","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1389_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)90257-E","volume":"27","author":"VJ Lewington","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lewington VJ, McEwan AJ, Ackery DM et al (1991) A prospective, randomised double-blind crossover study to examine the efficacy of strontium-89 in pain palliation in patients with advanced prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Eur J Cancer 27(8):954\u2013958","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"19","key":"1389_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.19.1458","volume":"94","author":"F Saad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saad F, Gleason DM, Murray R et al (2002) A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 94(19):1458\u20131468","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"8","key":"1389_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809003","volume":"361","author":"MR Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith MR, Egerdie B, Hernandez Toriz N et al (2009) Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 361(8):745\u2013755. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0809003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1389_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4137\/CMO.S30751","volume":"10","author":"J El-Amm","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Amm J, Aragon-Ching JB (2016) Targeting bone metastases in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 10(Suppl 1):11\u201319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/CMO.S30751","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1389_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4451","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2244","volume":"11","author":"S Nilsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nilsson S, Larsen RH, Foss\u00e5 SD et al (2005) First clinical experience with alpha-emitting radium-223 in the treatment of skeletal metastases. Clin Cancer Res 11(12):4451\u20134459. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2244","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"20 Pt 2","key":"1389_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6250s","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0841","volume":"12","author":"\u00d8S Bruland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruland \u00d8S, Nilsson S, Fisher DR et al (2006) High-linear energy transfer irradiation targeted to skeletal metastases by the alpha-emitter 223Ra: adjuvant or alternative to conventional modalities? Clin Cancer Res 12(20 Pt 2):6250s\u20136257s. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-06-0841","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1389_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djv380","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv380","volume":"108","author":"DS Abou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abou DS, Ulmert D, Doucet M et al (2016) Whole-body and microenvironmental localization of radium-223 in na\u00efve and mouse models of prostate cancer metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst 108(5):djv380. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djv380","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1389_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755","volume":"369","author":"C Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D et al (2013) Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 369(3):213\u2013223. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1389_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.06.021","volume":"73","author":"CC Parker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parker CC, Coleman RE, Sartor O et al (2018) Three-year safety of radium-223 dichloride in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and symptomatic bone metastases from phase 3 randomized alpharadin in symptomatic prostate cancer trial. Eur Urol 73(3):427\u2013435. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.06.021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1389_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-017-1176-0","volume":"23","author":"N Matsubara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsubara N, Nagamori S, Wakumoto Y et al (2018) Phase II study of radium-223 dichloride in Japanese patients with symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 23(1):173\u2013180. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-017-1176-0","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1389_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(96)00075-X","volume":"17","author":"M Schemper","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schemper M, Smith TL (1996) A note on quantifying follow-up in studies of failure time. Control Clin Trials 17(4):343\u2013346","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"1389_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.12.012","volume":"110","author":"L Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray L, Henry A, Hoskin P et al (2014) Second primary cancers after radiation for prostate cancer: a systematic review of the clinical data and impact of treatment technique. Radiother Oncol 110(2):213\u2013228. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.12.012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"15_suppl","key":"1389_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TPS5082","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps5082","volume":"33","author":"MR Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith MR, Parker C, Tombal BF et al (2015) ERA 223: a phase 3 trial of radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) in combination with abiraterone acetate (abiraterone) and prednisone in the treatment of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic chemotherapy-na\u00efve patients (pts) with bone predominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). J Clin Oncol 33(15_suppl):TPS5082. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps5082","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1389_CR17","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2018) Prostate cancer medicine Xofigo must not be used with Zytiga and prednisone\/prednisolone: ongoing clinical study shows an increased risk of death and fractures with the combination. \n                    http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Press_release\/2018\/03\/WC500245412.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 8 May 2018"},{"key":"1389_CR18","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018) NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology, prostate cancer. \n                    http:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/prostate.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 15 Aug 2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"1389_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13380","volume":"24","author":"Y Kakehi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kakehi Y, Sugimoto M, Taoka R (2017) Evidenced-based clinical practice guideline for prostate cancer (summary: Japanese Urological Association, 2016 edition). Int J Urol 24(9):648\u2013666. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.13380","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1389_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.002","volume":"71","author":"P Cornford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornford P, Bellmunt J, Bolla M et al (2017) EAU-ESTRO-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 71(4):630\u2013642. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.002","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1389_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx044","volume":"28","author":"O Sartor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sartor O, Coleman RE, Nilsson S et al (2017) An exploratory analysis of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and prostate-specific antigen dynamics in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial with radium-223. Ann Oncol 28(5):1090\u20131097. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdx044","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1389_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv594","volume":"27","author":"KN Chi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chi KN, Kheoh T, Ryan CJ et al (2016) A prognostic index model for predicting overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate after docetaxel. Ann Oncol 27(3):454\u2013460. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdv594","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1389_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.001","volume":"68","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Massard C, Smith M et al (2015) Bone-related parameters are the main prognostic factors for overall survival in men with bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 68(1):42\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1389_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.3696","volume":"32","author":"S Halabi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halabi S, Lin CY, Kelly WK et al (2014) Updated prognostic model for predicting overall survival in first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 32(7):671\u2013677. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2013.52.3696","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1389_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.3.948","volume":"17","author":"P Sabbatini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sabbatini P, Larson SM, Kremer A et al (1999) Prognostic significance of extent of disease in bone in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(3):948\u2013957. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.3.948","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"1389_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.021","volume":"20","author":"O Smaletz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smaletz O, Scher HI, Small EJ et al (2002) Nomogram for overall survival of patients with progressive metastatic prostate cancer after castration. J Clin Oncol 20(19):3972\u20133982. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1389_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-017-1699-x","volume":"19","author":"AJ Lozano Mart\u00ednez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lozano Mart\u00ednez AJ, Moreno Cano R, Escobar P\u00e1ramo S et al (2017) Platelet-lymphocyte and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios are prognostic but not predictive of response to abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 19(12):1531\u20131536. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-017-1699-x","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"1389_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7538647","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7538647","volume":"2017","author":"K Uemura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uemura K, Kawahara T, Yamashita D et al (2017) Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts prognosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who received cabazitaxel chemotherapy. Biomed Res Int 2017:7538647. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/7538647","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1389_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2017.04.013","volume":"15","author":"D Bianchini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bianchini D, Lorente D, Rescigno P et al (2017) Effect on overall survival of locoregional treatment in a cohort of de novo metastatic prostate cancer patients: a single institution retrospective analysis from the Royal Marsden Hospital. Clin Genitourin Cancer 15(5):e801\u2013e807. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2017.04.013","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1389_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2015.10.001","volume":"40","author":"Y Abuodeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abuodeh Y, Venkat P, Kim S (2016) Systematic review of case reports on the abscopal effect. Curr Probl Cancer 40(1):25\u201337. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2015.10.001","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"1389_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001807","volume":"42","author":"SA Kwee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kwee SA, Lim J, Coel MN (2017) Soft tissue response on 18F-fluorocholine PET\/CT in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer treated with 223Ra-dichloride: a possible abscopal effect? Clin Nucl Med 42(11):868\u2013871. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001807","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1389_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2017.10.024","volume":"16","author":"DMC Poon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poon DMC, Wong KCW (2018) Lymph node response in a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with radium-223. Clin Genitourin Cancer 16(2):e397\u2013e401. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2017.10.024","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"1389_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70474-7","volume":"15","author":"P Hoskin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoskin P, Sartor O, O\u2019Sullivan JM et al (2014) Efficacy and safety of radium-223 dichloride in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and symptomatic bone metastases, with or without previous docetaxel use: a prespecified subgroup analysis from the randomised, double-blind, phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial. Lancet Oncol 15(12):1397\u20131406. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(14)70474-7","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-018-01389-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10147-018-01389-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-018-01389-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:44:38Z","timestamp":1584060278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10147-018-01389-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-018-01389-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9625","1437-7772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9625","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors have the following conflicts of interest to disclose: Hirotsugu Uemura has received research funding from Astra Zeneca, Sanofi, Janssen, Takeda and Astellas, honoraria from Bayer, Astra Zeneca, Takeda, Sanofi, Janssen and Astellas, and has acted as an advisory to Sanofi, Janssen, and Bayer. Hiroji Uemura has received research funding from Astellas, honoraria from Bayer, Fuji Film RI Pharma, Janssen, Sanofi, Astellas, Takeda, Kissei, and has acted as an advisory to Bayer, Sanofi, Janssen, Takeda and Astellas. Satoshi Nagamori has received research funding from Takeda, Astellas, Taiho and Nihon-Kayaku, honoraria from Bayer, Sanofi, Daiichi-Sankyou and Kirin, and travel fee from Bayer. Go Kimura has received honoraria from Novartis, Pfizer and Bayer. Atsushi Mizokami has received honoraria from Bayer. Naoya Masumori has received research funding from Shionogi, Chugai, MSD, Taiho, Ono, Aska, Nippon Shinyaku, Takeda and Daiichi Sankyo, and honoraria from Bayer, Daiichi-Sankyo, GSK, Takeda, Nippon-Shinyaku, Pfizer, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Kissei, Kyorin, Janssen and Vorpal Technologies. Yasutomo Nasu owns stock of Momotaro-Gene Inc. Seigo Kinuya has received honoraria from Bayer. Iku Yamaguchi and Takashi Akagawa are employees of Bayer Yakuhin Ltd. Nobuaki Matsubara has received research funding from Bayer. All remaining authors declared no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}