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The incidence of each of these conditions and the corresponding pathogenic genes related to LLS remain elusive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified dMMR tumors in 3609 tumors from 9 different solid organs, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, small-bowel cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, upper urinary tract cancer, urinary bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and sebaceous tumor, and comprehensively summarized the characterization of dMMR tumors. Characterization of dMMR tumors were performed as loss of at least one of MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2), by immunohistochemistry, followed by <jats:italic>MLH1<\/jats:italic> promotor methylation analysis and genetic testing for MMR genes where appropriate. Somatic variant analysis of MMR genes and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed in patients with LLS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, the incidence of dMMR tumors was 5.9% (24\/3609). The incidence of dMMR tumors and the proportion of the three categorized dMMR tumors varied considerably with different tumor types. One to three likely pathogenic\/pathogenic somatic MMR gene variants were detected in 15 out of the 16 available LLS tumors. One patient each from 12 patients who gave consent to WES demonstrated non-<jats:italic>MMR<\/jats:italic> germline variants affect function (<jats:italic>POLQ<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data regarding the LS to LLS ratio would be useful for genetic counseling in patients who are suspected to have LS, though the genetic backgrounds for the pathogenesis of LLS need further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-024-02518-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T07:01:20Z","timestamp":1713078080000},"page":"953-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Incidence and molecular characteristics of deficient mismatch repair conditions across nine different tumors and identification of germline variants involved in Lynch-like syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1689-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Kumamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okihide","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyasu","family":"Chika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Igawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Fujiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomio","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiwamu","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6733","volume":"357","author":"DT Le","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN et al (2017) Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. 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