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We compared the effectiveness of olanzapine 2.5\u00a0mg and 5\u00a0mg in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among patients receiving high-emetogenic chemotherapy for lung cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using a Japanese national inpatient database, we identified patients who received olanzapine doses of 2.5 or 5\u00a0mg during high-emetogenic chemotherapy for lung cancer between January 2016 and March 2021. We conducted a 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis with adjustment for various factors, including those affecting olanzapine metabolism. The outcomes were additional antiemetic drug administration (within 2\u20135\u00a0days after chemotherapy initiation), length of hospital stay, and total hospitalization costs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Olanzapine 2.5 and 5.0\u00a0mg were used in 2905 and 4287 patients, respectively. The propensity score-matched analysis showed that olanzapine 2.5\u00a0mg administration was significantly associated with a higher proportion of additional antiemetic drug administration (36% vs. 31%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than olanzapine 5\u00a0mg. The median length of hospital stay was 8\u00a0days in both groups. Total hospitalization cost did not differ significantly between the two doses of olanzapine (5061 vs. 5160 USD, p\u2009=\u20090.07). The instrumental variable analysis demonstrated compatible results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prophylactic use of olanzapine 2.5\u00a0mg during chemotherapy for lung cancer was associated with a higher rate of additional antiemetic drugs than olanzapine 5\u00a0mg.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-024-02603-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T13:01:57Z","timestamp":1723986117000},"page":"1762-1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of olanzapine 2.5\u00a0mg and 5\u00a0mg in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a Japanese nationwide database study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroe","family":"Suzuki-Chiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9538-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaaki","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7804-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shotaro","family":"Aso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4165-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanako","family":"Makito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8503-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisuke","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyohide","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6017-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideo","family":"Yasunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2015.12.001","volume":"99","author":"S Sommariva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sommariva S, Pongiglione B, Tarricone R (2016) Impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on health-related quality of life and resource utilization: a systematic review. 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Ltd., the Japan Kampo Medicines Manufacturers\u2019 Association, and Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation outside the submitted work. The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Authorization was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo (approval number 3501-5; May 19, 2021). 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