{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:24:08Z","timestamp":1772119448947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018441","name":"Japan Society of Clinical Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-024-02643-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:01:51Z","timestamp":1729123311000},"page":"1785-1794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone sparing for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antiemesis 2023 from Japan Society of Clinical Oncology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Yokomizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiyasu","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Iino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Akechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotoshi","family":"Iihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiyo K.","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Okuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Satomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuhei","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takako Eguchi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narikazu","family":"Boku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Aogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4472","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.05.6382","volume":"24","author":"B Bloechl-Daum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bloechl-Daum B, Deuson RR, Mavros P et al (2006) Delayed nausea and vomiting continue to reduce patients\u2019 quality of life after highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy despite antiemetic treatment. J Clin Oncol 24:4472\u20134478","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-004-0710-6","volume":"13","author":"CC Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sun CC, Bodurka DC, Weaver CB et al (2005) Rankings and symptom assessments of side effects from chemotherapy: Insights from experienced patients with ovarian cancer. Support Care Cancer 13:219\u2013227","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900915)66:6<1124::AID-CNCR2820660608>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"66","author":"R Epelbaum","year":"1990","unstructured":"Epelbaum R, Faraggi D, Ben-Arie Y et al (1990) Survival of diffuse large cell lymphoma. A multivariate analysis including dose intensity variables. Cancer 66:1124\u20131129","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-020-01818-3","volume":"26","author":"K Aogi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aogi K, Takeuchi H, Saeki T et al (2021) Optimizing antiemetic treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in Japan: Update summary of the 2015 Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for antiemesis. Int J Clin Oncol 26:1\u201317","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01296","volume":"38","author":"PJ Hesketh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E et al (2020) Antiemetics: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol 38:2782\u20132797","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-023-08222-3","volume":"32","author":"F Scott\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scott\u00e9 F, Schwartzberg L, Iihara H et al (2023) 2023 updated MASCC\/ESMO Consensus recommendations: Prevention of nausea and vomiting following moderately emetic risk antineoplastic agents. Support Care Cancer 32:45","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1985.3.2.245","volume":"3","author":"SB Strum","year":"1985","unstructured":"Strum SB, McDermed JE, Liponi DF (1985) High-dose intravenous metoclopramide versus combination high-dose metoclopramide and intravenous dexamethasone in preventing cisplatin-induced nausea and emesis: a single-blind crossover comparison of antiemetic efficacy. J Clin Oncol 3:245\u2013251","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603048","volume":"94","author":"J Vardy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vardy J, Chiew KS, Galica J et al (2006) Side effects associated with the use of dexamethasone for prophylaxis of delayed emesis after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 94:1011\u20131015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2015.464","volume":"48","author":"Y Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong Y, Han HS, Lee HD et al (2016) A pilot study evaluating steroid-induced diabetes after antiemetic dexamethasone therapy in chemotherapy-treated cancer patients. Cancer Res Treat 48:1429\u20131437","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2643_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(96)00276-6","volume":"33","author":"IT Jantunen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jantunen IT, Kataja VV, Muhonen TT (1997) An overview of randomised studies comparing 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to conventional anti-emetics in the prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Eur J Cancer 33:66\u201374","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw220","volume":"27","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Yamanaka T, Hashimoto H et al (2016) Randomized, double-blind, phase III trial of palonosetron versus granisetron in the triplet regimen for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after highly emetogenic chemotherapy: TRIPLE study. Ann Oncol 27:1601\u20131606","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp584","volume":"21","author":"M Aapro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aapro M, Fabi A, Nol\u00e8 F et al (2010) Double-blind, randomised, controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of palonosetron plus dexamethasone for 1 day with or without dexamethasone on days 2 and 3 in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 21:1083\u20131088","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-010-0941-7","volume":"19","author":"L Celio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Celio L, Frustaci S, Denaro A et al (2011) Palonosetron in combination with 1-day versus 3-day dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a randomized, multicenter, phase III trial. Support Care Cancer 19:1217\u20131225","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12675","volume":"106","author":"Y Komatsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Komatsu Y, Okita K, Yuki S et al (2015) Open-label, randomized, comparative, phase III study on effects of reducing steroid use in combination with palonosetron. Cancer Sci 106:891\u2013895","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"2643_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2760-3","volume":"23","author":"N Furukawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Furukawa N, Kanayama S, Tanase Y et al (2015) Palonosetron in combination with 1-day versus 3-day dexamethasone to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients receiving paclitaxel and carboplatin. Support Care Cancer 23:3317\u20133322","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12748","volume":"41","author":"M Matsuura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsuura M, Satohisa S, Teramoto M et al (2015) Palonosetron in combination with 1-day versus 3-day dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting following paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with gynecologic cancers: a randomized, multicenter, phase-II trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 41:1607\u20131613","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2643_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0300891619839301","volume":"105","author":"L Celio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Celio L, Saibene G, Lepori S et al (2019) Short-course olanzapine to prevent delayed emesis following carboplatin\/paclitaxel for gynecologic cancer: a randomised study. Tumori 105:253\u2013258","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"2643_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0305","volume":"26","author":"MJDL van der Vorst","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Vorst MJDL, Toffoli EC, Beusink M et al (2021) Metoclopramide, dexamethasone, or palonosetron for prevention of delayed chemotherapy-Induced nausea and vomiting after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEDEA): a randomized, Phase III, noninferiority trial. Oncologist 26:e173\u2013e181","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2643_CR19","unstructured":"Kojimahara N, Nakayama T, Morizane T, et al. Minds manual for Guideline 18 development 2017. Japan Council for Quality Health Care, Tokyo"},{"key":"2643_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a744","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a744","volume":"337","author":"R Jaeschke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Dellinger P et al (2008) Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive. BMJ 337:a744","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2643_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suponc.2011.06.007","volume":"10","author":"L Celio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Celio L, Denaro A, Agustoni F et al (2012) Palonosetron plus 1-day dexamethasone for the prevention of nausea and vomiting due to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: effect of established risk factors on treatment outcome in a phase III trial. J Support Oncol 10:65\u201371","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0308","volume":"22","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakamura M, Ishiguro A, Muranaka T et al (2017) A prospective observational study on effect of short-term periodic steroid premedication on bone metabolism in gastrointestinal cancer (ESPRESSO-01). Oncologist 22:592\u2013600","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2643_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6454-y","volume":"19","author":"L Celio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Celio L, Bonizzoni E, Zattarin E et al (2019) Impact of dexamethasone-sparing regimens on delayed nausea caused by moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a meta-analysis of randomised evidence. BMC Cancer 19:1268","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2643_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0133","volume":"24","author":"Y Okada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okada Y, Oba K, Furukawa N et al (2019) One-day versus three-day dexamethasone in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and individual patient data-based meta-analysis. Oncologist 24:1593\u20131600","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2643_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0198","volume":"16","author":"Z Likun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Likun Z, Xiang J, Yi B et al (2011) A systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous palonosetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Oncologist 16:207\u2013216","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2643_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515725","volume":"375","author":"RM Navari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Navari RM, Qin R, Ruddy KJ et al (2016) Olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med 375:134\u2013142","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2643_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30678-3","volume":"21","author":"H Hashimoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashimoto H, Abe M, Tokuyama O et al (2020) Olanzapine 5 mg plus standard antiemetic therapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (J-FORCE): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 21:242\u2013249","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2017.577","volume":"51","author":"SY Jeon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeon SY, Han HS, Bae WK et al (2019) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: results of the Korean south west oncology group (KSWOG) study. Cancer Res Treat 51:90\u201397","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2643_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-019-03868-5","volume":"84","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Inui N, Karayama M et al (2019) Olanzapine-containing antiemetic therapy for the prevention of carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 84:147\u2013153","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"2643_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.01.004","volume":"156","author":"H Iihara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iihara H, Shimokawa M, Hayasaki Y et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine combined with aprepitant, granisetron and dexamethasone to prevent carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with gynecologic cancer: a multi-institution phase II study. Gynecol Oncol 156:629\u2013635","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1066","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13772","volume":"26","author":"C Sakai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakai C, Shimokawa M, Iihara H et al (2021) Low-dose olanzapine plus granisetron and dexamethasone for carboplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with thoracic malignancies: a prospective multicenter Phase II trial. Oncologist 26:e1066\u2013e1072","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2643_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01315","volume":"40","author":"A Hata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hata A, Okamoto I, Inui N et al (2022) Randomized, double-blind, Phase III study of fosnetupitant versus fosaprepitant for prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: CONSOLE. J Clin Oncol 40:180\u2013188","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2643_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e524","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac060","volume":"27","author":"D Watanabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watanabe D, Iihara H, Fujii H et al (2022) One-day versus three-day dexamethasone with NK1RA for patients receiving carboplatin and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy: a network meta-analysis. Oncologist 27:e524\u2013e532","journal-title":"Oncologist"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-024-02643-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10147-024-02643-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-024-02643-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T11:45:49Z","timestamp":1732621549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10147-024-02643-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-024-02643-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4845344\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1341-9625","1437-7772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9625","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Kazuhisa Nakashima received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca K.K., and Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Michiyasu Murakami received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Eriko Satomi received honoraria from Shionogi & Co., Ltd. Masayuki Takeda received honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Bayer. Takako Eguchi Nakajima received research funding from KBBM, Inc. and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Junichi Nishimura received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Narikazu Boku received honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Koji Matsumoto received honoraria from MSD K.K., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. as well as research funding from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Gilead Sciences, Inc., and Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Nobuyuki Yamamoto received honoraria from MSD K.K., Accuray Japan K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., Abbvie Inc., Amgen Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guardant Health Japan Corp., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Foundation for Innovative Drug Discovery Science, Lao Tsumura Co., Ltd., Terumo Corporation, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Novartis AG, Pfzer Global Supply Japan Inc., Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd, Pfzer Global Supply Japan Inc., Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and USACO Corporation, as well as legal fees in case of lawsuit from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Prime Research Institute for Medical RWD, Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., and A2 Healthcare Corporation. Other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Formal consent was not required for this type of study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors consented to the publication of this study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}