{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:25:37Z","timestamp":1772119537811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23K08864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K08864"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004823","name":"Nagoya University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complete hydatidiform moles coexisting with a fetus (CHMCF) are uncommon. Although CHMCF is associated with perinatal complications and post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), necessitating post-delivery chemotherapy, live birth remains feasible. This report presents 14 cases of CHMCF in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u00a0We reviewed medical records of patients with CHMCF treated at our hospital from 2000 to 2020 and summarized clinical data, including maternal age, pregnancy details, delivery outcomes, fertility treatments, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, and ultrasonography findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen cases of CHMCF were diagnosed. The average age of the mothers was 30.6\u00a0years, with the majority conceiving following fertility treatment. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 12\u00a0weeks. Six patients maintained their pregnancies, leading to two live births through emergency cesarean section. Eight patients exhibited spontaneous regression following treatment and pregnancy interruption, achieving negative serum hCG levels within 17.4\u00a0weeks. Six patients experienced post-molar GTN, including the two who had live births. One patient presented with FIGO stage I disease, while five patients had stage III lung metastases. All patients received chemotherapy, averaging nine courses, achieving remission within 13.7\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u00a0The occurrence of GTN was higher after CHMCF than after typical complete hydatidiform moles. Despite the heightened risk of premature birth, some patients with CHMCF who maintain their pregnancies can successfully deliver live babies. Informed consent is essential for patients with CHMCF when considering pregnancy continuation. A team approach involving gynecological oncologists, obstetricians, and neonatologists is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-025-02815-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:19:58Z","timestamp":1751069998000},"page":"1866-1872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcomes of cases with complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus: a single-center study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Niimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0228-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayu","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1484-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0517-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiko","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6913-3731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Sumigama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9209-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2417-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Nishiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0493-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kajiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2815_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004240","volume":"137","author":"JT Soper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soper JT (2021) Gestational trophoblastic disease: current evaluation and management. Obstet Gynecol 137:355\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004240","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2815_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16283","volume":"127","author":"N Zilberman Sharon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zilberman Sharon N, Maymon R et al (2020) Obstetric outcomes of twin pregnancies presenting with a complete hydatidiform mole and coexistent normal fetus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 127:1450\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.16283","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2815_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.3.608","volume":"15","author":"H Matsui","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matsui H, Sekiya S, Hando T et al (2000) Hydatidiform mole coexistent with a twin live fetus: a national collaborative study in Japan. Hum Reprod 15:608\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/15.3.608","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2815_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000106496","volume":"64","author":"S Sumigama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sumigama S, Itakura A, Yamamoto T et al (2007) Genetically identified complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a live twin fetus: comparison with conventional diagnosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 64:228\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000106496","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"2815_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09085-2","volume":"359","author":"NJ Sebire","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sebire NJ, Foskett M, Paradinas FJ et al (2002) Outcome of twin pregnancies with complete hydatidiform mole and healthy co-twin. Lancet 359:2165\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09085-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2815_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102269","volume":"51","author":"G Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang G, Cao JS, Xu XR et al (2022) Delivery management of a complete hydatidiform mole and co-existing viable fetus: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 51:102269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102269","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2815_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1678-3563","volume":"12","author":"RA Irani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Irani RA, Holliman K, Debbink M et al (2022) Complete molar pregnancies with a coexisting fetus: pregnancy outcomes and review of literature. AJP Rep 12:e96\u2013e107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1678-3563","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2815_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13877","volume":"155","author":"HYS Ngan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ngan HYS, Seckl MJ, Berkowitz RS et al (2021) Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2021 update. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 155(Suppl 1):86\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.13877","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2815_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pgp.0000164597.19346.b5","volume":"24","author":"NJ Sebire","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sebire NJ, Lindsay I, Fisher RA et al (2005) Overdiagnosis of complete and partial hydatidiform mole in tubal ectopic pregnancies. Int J Gynecol Pathol 24:260\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.pgp.0000164597.19346.b5","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"2815_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.02.038","volume":"197","author":"I Niemann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Niemann I, Sunde L, Petersen LK (2007) Evaluation of the risk of persistent trophoblastic disease after twin pregnancy with diploid hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:45.e1-45.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.02.038","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2815_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.01.021","volume":"145","author":"LH Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin LH, Maest\u00e1 I, Braga A et al (2017) Multiple pregnancies with complete mole and coexisting normal fetus in North and South America: a retrospective multicenter cohort and literature review. Gynecol Oncol 145:88\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.01.021","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2815_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2022.03.010","volume":"61","author":"H Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang H, Pan NP, Wang YF et al (2022) Obstetrical and oncological outcomes of twin pregnancies with hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 61:453\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjog.2022.03.010","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2815_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13677","volume":"44","author":"Y Maeda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maeda Y, Oyama R, Maeda H et al (2018) Choriocarcinoma with multiple lung metastases from complete hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 44:1476\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.13677","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"2815_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1389-9","volume":"36","author":"M Nickkho-Amiry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nickkho-Amiry M, Horne G, Akhtar M et al (2019) Hydatidiform molar pregnancy following assisted reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 36:667\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-018-1389-9","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2815_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh068","volume":"19","author":"M Bates","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bates M, Everard J, Wall L et al (2004) Is there a relationship between treatment for infertility and gestational trophoblastic disease? Hum Reprod (Oxf, Engl) 19:365\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deh068","journal-title":"Hum Reprod (Oxf, Engl)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02815-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02815-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02815-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T14:15:38Z","timestamp":1756390538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02815-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02815-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6057120\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1341-9625","1437-7772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9625","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review board of Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine (approval number: 2019-0106).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Due to the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was obtained using the opt-out method, allowing patients to decline participation through publicly accessible information\n                      .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}