{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:12:23Z","timestamp":1792793543245,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited data are available on relative survival (RS) among cancer survivors enrolled in private cancer insurance in Japan. Additionally, the incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, as applicable, after a certain period remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 8,846 cancer survivors, including carcinoma in situ, aged 15\u201379\u00a0years, enrolled in private cancer insurance between April 2005 and September 2021, and diagnosed before April 2022. Using the entire insurance-enrolled population as the reference, we estimated sex- and age group-specific RS, conditional RS (CRS), and age-standardized RS (ASR) by cancer type. The cumulative incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, as applicable, was calculated among cancer-free 3-, 4-, and 5-year survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median ages at first diagnosis were 61.5\u00a0years for males and 55.0\u00a0years for females. Over median follow-up of 3.40\u00a0years, 1,772 deaths (45.4 per 1,000 person-years) occurred. The 5-year RS declined with age: 81.8% for males and 94.8% for females aged 15\u201339, but 68.5% and 71.8% for those aged 70\u201379. The 5-year CRS increased with time since diagnosis, exceeding 90% among 5-year survivors in all groups except males aged 70\u201379. Liver cancer survivors had the highest incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, predominantly due to recurrences, even after 5 cancer-free years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated sex- and age group-specific RS, CRS, and ASR by cancer type, and the incidence of second primary cancers or recurrences, using a database of private cancer insurance policyholders, though the findings may not be generalizable to the national population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-025-02871-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T08:31:22Z","timestamp":1757406682000},"page":"2178-2191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relative survival among cancer survivors enrolled in private cancer insurance in Japan, using the internal insurance-enrolled population as the reference"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayaka","family":"Uekusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Ikeda-Kurakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Namiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimasa","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaomi","family":"Nangaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-2281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kadowaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2871_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00242-2","volume":"399","author":"J Emery","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emery J, Butow P, Lai-Kwon J et al (2022) Management of common clinical problems experienced by survivors of cancer. 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MH, HU, YO and DN are employees and KIK was a former employee of Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company. RY is Chief Director of FAST-HDJ.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Graduate School of Medicine of the University of Tokyo (2018030NI).The policyholder database of Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company was processed into Anonymized Personal Information in accordance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information by Fair and safe use of Anonymized Standardized Health Data of Japan (FAST-HDJ, Tokyo), after disclosing the required information on the company\u2019s website. The anonymized database was provided to the Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, the University of Tokyo, under a contract. The need for informed consent was waived, as the use of data processed into Anonymized Personal Information in accordance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information is exempt from the requirement for individual consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}