{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:10:39Z","timestamp":1791389439134,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The study was funded by Astellas Pharma Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and Seagen Inc., which was acquired by Pfizer Inc in December 2023"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the phase 3 EV-302 study, enfortumab vedotin\u2013pembrolizumab (EV\u2009+\u2009P) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy in patients with untreated locally advanced\/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la\/mUC). We present a post\u00a0hoc analysis in a pan-Asian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients from China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand received 3-week cycles of EV (1.25\u00a0mg\/kg; intravenously; Days 1 and 8) plus P (200\u00a0mg; intravenously; Day 1) or chemotherapy (gemcitabine [Days 1 and 8] plus cisplatin\/carboplatin [Day 1]). Primary endpoints were PFS and OS. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 176 patients were included (EV\u2009+\u2009P,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200994; chemotherapy,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200982). Median follow-up was 28.9\u00a0months for EV\u2009+\u2009P recipients and 26.6\u00a0months for chemotherapy recipients. EV\u2009+\u2009P prolonged PFS and OS versus chemotherapy, reducing the risk of disease progression or death by 63% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24\u20130.57) and death by 67% (HR, 0.33; [95% CI, 0.20\u20130.54]), respectively. Confirmed ORR was 72.2% versus 35.0%. Grade\u2009\u2265\u20093 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 66.0% of EV\u2009+\u2009P recipients and 68.4% of chemotherapy recipients. Most commonly maculopapular rash (11.7%) and hyperglycemia (10.6%) for EV\u2009+\u2009P and neutropenia (25.0%), anemia (19.7%), and neutrophil count decreased (18.4%) for chemotherapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EV\u2009+\u2009P demonstrated a clinically meaningful survival benefit in Asian patients with untreated la\/mUC, with no new safety signals observed, consistent with the global EV-302 study. Results support guideline recommendations for EV\u2009+\u2009P as preferred first-line therapy in la\/mUC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT04223856 (registered January 8, 2020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-025-02950-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T08:01:49Z","timestamp":1768982509000},"page":"436-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pan-Asian subgroup analysis of EV-302\/KEYNOTE-A39: a phase 3 study to evaluate enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab in patients with untreated advanced urothelial carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04223856","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1624-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel S.","family":"Van der Heijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a P.","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Bedke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Joon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ri","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pongwut","family":"Danchaivijitr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindran","family":"Kanesvaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Pin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuya","family":"Kandori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Kyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Gorla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Bavle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Tsung","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Powles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2950_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19909-5","volume":"24","author":"LS Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo LS, Luan HH, Zhang P et al (2024) The disease burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in five Eastern Asian countries, 1990\u20132019: a population-based comparative study. BMC Public Health 24(1):2404","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2950_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04109","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04109","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Rumgay H, Li M et al (2023) The global landscape of bladder cancer incidence and mortality in 2020 and projections to 2040. J Glob Health 13:04109","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2950_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00876-7","volume":"21","author":"A Soualhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soualhi A, Rammant E, George G et al (2021) The incidence and prevalence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review. BMC Urol 21(1):110","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2950_CR4","first-page":"240","volume":"27","author":"Z Hepp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hepp Z, Shah SN, Smoyer K et al (2021) Epidemiology and treatment patterns for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a systematic literature review and gap analysis. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 27(2):240\u2013255","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"2950_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2024.01.001","volume":"22","author":"A Soares","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soares A, Bourlon MT, Wong A et al (2024) Management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in emerging markets (EM): an expert opinion. Clin Genitourin Cancer 22(2):467\u2013475","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"key":"2950_CR6","unstructured":"Keytruda\u00ae (pembrolizumab) [package insert], 2024. Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, Rahway, NJ"},{"key":"2950_CR7","unstructured":"Keytruda (pembrolizumab) [summary of product characteristics], 2020. Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V., Haarlem"},{"issue":"23","key":"2950_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01213","volume":"38","author":"J Vuky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vuky J, Balar AV, Castellano D et al (2020) Long-term outcomes in KEYNOTE-052: phase II study investigating first-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 38(23):2658\u20132666","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2950_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz127","volume":"30","author":"Y Fradet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fradet Y, Bellmunt J, Vaughn DJ et al (2019) Randomized phase III KEYNOTE-045 trial of pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel, docetaxel, or vinflunine in recurrent advanced urothelial cancer: results of >2 years of follow-up. Ann Oncol 30(6):970\u2013976","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2950_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309863","volume":"389","author":"MS van der Heijden","year":"2023","unstructured":"van der Heijden MS, Sonpavde G, Powles T et al (2023) Nivolumab plus gemcitabine-cisplatin in advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 389(19):1778\u20131789","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2950_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00152-2","volume":"22","author":"T Powles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powles T, Csoszi T, Ozguroglu M et al (2021) Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (KEYNOTE-361): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 22(7):931\u2013945","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2950_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00540-5","volume":"25","author":"E Grande","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grande E, Arranz JA, De Santis M et al (2024) Atezolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor130): final overall survival analysis results from a randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 25(1):29\u201345","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2950_CR13","unstructured":"Padcev\u00ae (enfortumab vedotin) [package insert], 2023. Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Northbrook, IL"},{"issue":"10","key":"2950_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1313","volume":"76","author":"PM Challita-Eid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Challita-Eid PM, Satpayev D, Yang P et al (2016) Enfortumab vedotin antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4 is a highly potent therapeutic agent in multiple preclinical cancer models. Cancer Res 76(10):3003\u20133013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2950_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035807","volume":"384","author":"T Powles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powles T, Rosenberg JE, Sonpavde GP et al (2021) Enfortumab vedotin in previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 384(12):1125\u20131135","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2950_CR16","unstructured":"PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin) [summary of product characteristics], 2024. Astellas Pharma Europe B.V., Leiden. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/padcev-epar-product-information_en.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec 2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"2950_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.03.001","volume":"35","author":"T Powles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Powles T, Bellmunt J, Comperat E et al (2024) ESMO clinical practice guideline interim update on first-line therapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Ann Oncol 35(6):485\u2013490","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2950_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312117","volume":"390","author":"T Powles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Powles T, Valderrama BP, Gupta S et al (2024) Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab in untreated advanced urothelial cancer. N Engl J Med 390(10):875\u2013888","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2950_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.536","author":"TB Powles","year":"2025","unstructured":"Powles TB, Van der Heijden MS, Loriot Y et al (2025) Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: 2.5-year median follow-up of the phase III EV-302\/KEYNOTE-A39 trial. Ann Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.536","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2950_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5165","volume":"12","author":"N Matsubara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsubara N, Yonese J, Kojima T et al (2023) Japanese subgroup analysis of EV-301: an open-label, randomized phase 3 study to evaluate enfortumab vedotin versus chemotherapy in subjects with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Med 12(3):2761\u20132771","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"2950_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70368","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70368","volume":"13","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Shi Y, Dong H et al (2024) Phase 2 trial of enfortumab vedotin in patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in China. Cancer Med 13(21):e70368","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"(suppl 4)","key":"2950_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.10.290","volume":"35","author":"Y Tomita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tomita Y (2024) Nivolumab (NIVO) plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) vs GC alone in Asian patients with previously untreated unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (u\/mUC) from CheckMate 901. Ann Oncol 35(suppl 4):S1508","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2950_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2511648","volume":"393","author":"X Sheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sheng X, Zeng G, Zhang C et al (2025) Disitamab vedotin plus toripalimab in HER2-expressing advanced urothelial cancer. N Engl J Med 393(23):2324\u20132337\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2511648","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2950_CR24","unstructured":"Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines\u00ae) for Bladder Cancer Version 2.2025. \u00a9 National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2025. All rights reserved. Accessed [November 25, 2025]. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way"},{"issue":"13","key":"2950_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002788","volume":"383","author":"T Powles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Powles T, Park SH, Voog E et al (2020) Avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 383(13):1218\u20131230","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2950_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403120","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1403120","volume":"14","author":"SH Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park SH, Shin SJ, Rha SY et al (2024) Avelumab first-line maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: real-world results from a Korean expanded access program. Front Oncol 14:1403120","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2950_CR27","first-page":"e1887","volume":"6","author":"PJ Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su PJ, Xiao Y, Lin AY et al (2023) A cost-effectiveness analysis of avelumab plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone as first-line maintenance treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan. Cancer Rep 6(10):e1887","journal-title":"Cancer Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2950_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2024.102270","volume":"23","author":"AK Morgans","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morgans AK, Sonpavde GP, Shih V et al (2025) Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma by eligibility for maintenance avelumab. Clin Genitourin Cancer 23(1):102270","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"6_suppl","key":"2950_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.6_suppl.483","volume":"41","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Herms L, Leong T et al (2023) US real-world first-line (1L) treatment patterns and outcomes for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) following maintenance avelumab approval. J Clin Oncol 41(6_suppl):483","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2950_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32040187","volume":"32","author":"S Sura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sura S, Bupathi M, Morris V et al (2025) Real-world clinical outcomes with first-line systemic treatment and avelumab maintenance in US patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: the SPEAR bladder-II study. Curr Oncol 32(4):187","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2950_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01643","volume":"41","author":"CJ Hoimes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoimes CJ, Flaig TW, Milowsky MI et al (2023) Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in previously untreated advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 41(1):22\u201331","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02950-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02950-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02950-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T16:03:30Z","timestamp":1771949010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02950-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-025-02950-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9625","1437-7772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9625","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Eiji Kikuchi: Consulting fees from\u00a0Astellas, AstraZeneca, Ferring, Janssen, Chugai, Merck BioPharma, and MSD; and payment for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Merck BioPharma, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai, Nippon Kayaku, Eisai, Bayer, Kyorin, and Takeda. Michiel S.\u00a0Van der Heijden: Consulting fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi\u00a0Sankyo, Janssen, MSD, and Pfizer; funding for investigator-led research from Bristol\u00a0Myers\u00a0Squibb, Roche, AstraZeneca, 4SC, and\u00a0MSD\/Merck; and is a steering committee member for Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, MSD, Seagen, and Janssen. Bego\u00f1a P.\u00a0Valderrama: Consulting fees from AAA, Almirall Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, EUSA Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, MSD, Pfizer, and Recordati; and\u00a0travel funding from Astellas and Bristol Myers Squibb. Shilpa Gupta: Consulting fees from Astellas, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Foundation Medicine, Genzyme, Gilead, Loxo Oncology, Merck, Pfizer, and Seattle Genetics; honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, and\u00a0Seattle Genetics; stocks\/shares from BioNTech,\u00a0Moderna, and Nektar Therapeutics; travel grant from EMD Serono; and is a\u00a0member of data safety monitoring board for Protara. Jens Bedke: Consulting fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme Oncology, Pfizer, and\u00a0Roche; investigator for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ipsen, MSD, Nektar, Pfizer, Roche, and Seagen; payment for participation in speakers bureaus for Apogepha, Bristol\u00a0Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme Oncology, Roche, Pfizer, and Seattle Genetics; support for attending meetings and\/or travel from Merck and Ipsen; participation in a data safety monitoring board\/advisory board for MSD and Pfizer; and is\u00a0Vice-Chairman of the European Association of Urology RCC Guideline. Sang Joon Shin: No relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Jian-Ri Li: Honoraria from Merck, MSD, Ono, and AstraZeneca; participated in speakers bureaus and received consulting fees from Merck, MSD, and Ono; research funding from Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Roche, Bayer, and AstraZeneca; and support for attending meetings and\/or travel from MSD and Merck. Jun Guo: Consulting fees and others from Bayer, Novartis, MSD, Roche, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Simcere Pharmaceutical Group, and Oriengene. Pongwut Danchaivijitr: Honoraria from MSD, AstraZeneca, Astellas, and BMS; and support for attending meetings and\/or travel from MSD. Ravindran Kanesvaran: Honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Johnson & Johnson, Ipsen, MSD, Merck, and Pfizer; support for attending meetings and\/or travel from AstraZeneca and Merck; and is a\u00a0member of data safety monitoring board for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Johnson & Johnson, Ipsen, MSD, Merck, and Pfizer. Se Hoon Park: No relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Wen-Pin Su: No relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Shuya Kandori: Honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb. Woo Kyun Bae: No relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Alvin Wong: Payment for participation in advisory boards for Astellas, BMS, Ipsen, and MSD. Seema Gorla: Employee of Astellas Pharma Inc. Abhishek Bavle: Employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and may own stock and\/or hold stock options in Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Xuesong Yu: Employee of Pfizer and may own stocks\/shares. Yi-Tsung Lu: Employee of Pfizer and may own stocks\/shares. Thomas Powles: Consulting fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers\u00a0Squibb, Eisai, Exelixis, Incyte, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Seattle Genetics; travel funding from AstraZeneca, Ipsen, MSD, Pfizer, and Roche; research grant from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers\u00a0Squibb, Eisai, Exelixis, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Seattle Genetics; and other\/honoraria from Mashup Ltd and Gilead.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}