{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:17:13Z","timestamp":1790612233591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular toxicities associated with anticancer therapies, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal agents, molecular targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody\u2013drug conjugates, are increasingly recognized and may substantially impair visual function and quality of life. However, ethnicity-specific data for Asian populations and practical management strategies applicable to non-ophthalmologic settings remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review of publications up to December 2025 was conducted using PubMed to identify studies reporting incidence, mechanisms, prevention, or management of anticancer drug\u2013associated ocular toxicities in Asian patients. Based on the extracted evidence, practical management recommendations applicable to healthcare settings without on-site ophthalmologists were developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 155,202 manuscripts were identified, of which 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of these manuscripts were case reports, retrospective analyses, or expert recommendations, with few prospective or interventional studies. Ocular toxicities varied by anticancer drug class and involved the ocular surface, retina, optic nerve, and immune-mediated inflammation. Incidence and clinical characteristics differed across drug classes, and ethnicity-specific data for Asian patients were inconsistently reported. Based on these findings, a symptom-based management algorithm applicable to non-ophthalmologic settings was developed, emphasizing early recognition of ocular toxicities, supportive care (e.g., artificial tears and topical steroids) initiation, treatment interruption for persistent or moderate symptoms, and timely ophthalmology referral for visual acuity decline or refractory cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review summarizes current evidence on anticancer drug\u2013associated ocular toxicities in Asian patients and proposes pragmatic recommendations and an algorithm to support their early recognition and management in non-ophthalmologic settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-026-03096-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:18:52Z","timestamp":1781799532000},"page":"1764-1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular toxicities associated with anticancer drug therapy in Asian patients: a literature review and practical management recommendations for non-ophthalmologic settings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3473-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Iimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isana","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"JASCC Onco Ophthalmology Working Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"3096_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1999.217","volume":"13","author":"BN Noureddin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Noureddin BN, Seoud M, Bashshur Z et al (1999) Ocular toxicity in low-dose tamoxifen: a prospective study. Eye (Lond) 13(Pt 6):729\u2013733","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"3096_CR2","first-page":"232","volume":"57","author":"M Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang M, Ma J, Zhong Y (2021) Ocular toxicity induced by tamoxifen: an overview. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 57:232\u2013236","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"3096_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.3026","volume":"140","author":"M Sodhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sodhi M, Yeung SN, Maberley D et al (2022) Risk of ocular adverse events with taxane-based chemotherapy. JAMA Ophthalmol 140:880\u2013884","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3096_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13327","volume":"11","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu X, Wang Z, Zhao C et al (2020) Clinical diagnosis and treatment recommendations for ocular toxicities of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Thorac Cancer 11:810\u2013818","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"3096_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-025-01447-6","volume":"45","author":"X Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng X, Yu X, Yang S et al (2025) Risk of ophthalmotoxicity associated with antibody-drug conjugates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Drug Investig 45:295\u2013308","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"3096_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495137","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1495137","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, He G, Huang J et al (2024) Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis. Front Immunol 15:1495137","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3096_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.187","volume":"25","author":"RR Bourne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bourne RR (2011) Ethnicity and ocular imaging. Eye (Lond) 25:297\u2013300","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"3096_CR8","first-page":"2711","volume":"65","author":"C Hofmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hofmann C, Dolata J, Hessler P (2024) Differences in axial lengths between asian and european population: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 65:2711\u20132711","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"3096_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6270","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5528","volume":"51","author":"AR Rudnicka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rudnicka AR, Owen CG, Nightingale CM et al (2010) Ethnic differences in the prevalence of myopia and ocular biometry in 10- and 11-year-old children: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51:6270\u20136276","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"3096_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2025.2468381","volume":"40","author":"I Nakajima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nakajima I, Yoshino K, Tsuji H (2025) Incidence and management of retinopathy and uveitis in patients receiving BRAF\/MEK inhibitor therapy. Semin Ophthalmol 40:775\u2013781","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3096_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17082","volume":"51","author":"R Amagai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amagai R, Fujimura T, Yamazaki E et al (2024) Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease-like uveitis after drug therapy including BRAF\/MEK inhibitors in melanoma patients with HLA-DRB1*04. J Dermatol 51:854\u2013857","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"3096_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40565-z","volume":"13","author":"M Takeuchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takeuchi M, Meguro A, Nakamura J et al (2023) HLA-DRB1*04:05 is involved in the development of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease-like immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Sci Rep 13:13580","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3096_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.2507","volume":"26","author":"BC Goh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goh BC, Soo RA, Lim S et al (2008) Inter-ethnic variability of S-1 pharmacokinetics (PK) and correlation with CYP2A6 phenotyping. J Clin Oncol 26:2507\u20132507","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3892\/or_00000889","volume":"24","author":"T Hirose","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hirose T, Fujita K, Nishimura K et al (2010) Pharmacokinetics of S-1 and CYP2A6 genotype in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. Oncol Rep 24:529\u2013536","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"3096_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26658","volume":"10","author":"C Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu C, Gombos DS, Lee J et al (2019) Erratum: Ocular toxicities associated with targeted anticancer agents: an analysis of clinical data with management suggestions. Oncotarget 10:1011\u20131013","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3096_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2025.115452","volume":"222","author":"L Michaels","year":"2025","unstructured":"Michaels L, Noor M, Aslam T (2025) Clinical and imaging strategies for the assessment of the ocular side effects of systemic targeted anti-cancer therapies. Eur J Cancer 222:115452","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"3096_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.70015","volume":"100","author":"E Terpos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Terpos E, Trudel S, Mateos MV et al (2025) Practical guidance on clinical management of belantamab Mafodotin-associated ocular events. Am J Hematol 100:1839\u20131850","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"3096_CR18","first-page":"130","volume":"37","author":"J Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han J, Chen J, Zhou H et al (2023) Ocular toxicities of mek inhibitors in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncology (Williston Park) 37:130\u2013141","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"3096_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002119","author":"L Young","year":"2021","unstructured":"Young L, Finnigan S, Streicher H et al (2021) Ocular adverse events in PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2020-002119","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"3096_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21651","volume":"106","author":"L Gianni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gianni L, Panzini I, Li S et al (2006) Ocular toxicity during adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for early breast cancer: results from international breast cancer study group trials. Cancer 106:505\u2013513","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3096_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01180-9","volume":"69","author":"M Yamada","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamada M, Kamao T, Shiraishi A et al (2025) Ocular complication induced by anticancer drug S-1: association with drug concentrations in tears. Jpn J Ophthalmol 69:447\u2013452","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3096_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.42.291","volume":"42","author":"S Kanie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanie S, Fujieda M, Hitotsumachi T et al (2017) Alleviating effects of artificial tear instillation on S-1-induced ocular toxicity in dogs. J Toxicol Sci 42:291\u2013300","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"3096_CR23","first-page":"474","volume":"16","author":"P Matte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matte P, Ducreux M (2023) Case report: vision loss induced by capecitabine in patient with preexisting left eyes blind. Case Rep Oncol 16:474\u2013477","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_5_18","volume":"11","author":"S Tatar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tatar S, Yal\u00e7\u0131n CE, Sezgin B et al (2018) Capecitabine-induced bilateral ectropion: a rare ocular manifestation requiring surgical intervention. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 11:241\u2013244","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"3096_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221078790","volume":"28","author":"M Bello Crespo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bello Crespo M, Trujillano Ruiz A, Gajete Pablos MA et al (2022) Conjunctivitis associated with capecitabine treatment in a patient with colon cancer: the importance on educating patients into identifying adverse reactions. J Oncol Pharm Pract 28:1889\u20131892","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"3096_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2024.102174","volume":"36","author":"M Heyvaert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heyvaert M, Denys H, Van Dorpe J et al (2024) Management of severe capecitabine-induced corneal toxicity. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 36:102174","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"3096_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431015","volume":"343","author":"B Waikhom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Waikhom B, Fraunfelder FT, Henner WD (2000) Severe ocular irritation and corneal deposits associated with capecitabine use. N Engl J Med 343:740\u2013741","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3096_CR28","first-page":"1401","volume":"42","author":"Y Noguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noguchi Y, Kawashima Y, Kawara H et al (2015) [A retrospective analysis of eye disorders due to oxaliplatin]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 42:1401\u20131405","journal-title":"Gan To Kagaku Ryoho"},{"key":"3096_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1159\/000322675","volume":"3","author":"M Mesquida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mesquida M, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Ortiz-Perez S et al (2010) Oxaliplatin-related ocular toxicity. Case Rep Oncol 3:423\u2013427","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1159\/000514656","volume":"14","author":"L Ah-Thiane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ah-Thiane L, Raoul JL, Hiret S et al (2021) Transient vision loss\u2014a rare oxaliplatin-induced ophthalmologic side effect: a report of two cases. Case Rep Oncol 14:483\u2013486","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1159\/000516271","volume":"14","author":"K Kubo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubo K, Kimura N, Watanabe R et al (2021) Oxaliplatin-associated amaurosis fugax. Case Rep Oncol 14:832\u2013837","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR32","volume":"11","author":"A Noor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noor A, Desai A, Singh M (2019) Reversible ocular toxicity of oxaliplatin: a case report. Cureus 11:e4582","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"3096_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.949346","volume":"26","author":"CY Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao CY, Liao CS, Yuan ZY et al (2025) Complex ocular adverse events following oxaliplatin treatment: a case report. Am J Case Rep 26:e949346","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"3096_CR34","first-page":"255","volume":"91","author":"P Matteucci","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matteucci P, Carlo-Stella C, Di Nicola M et al (2006) Topical prophylaxis of conjunctivitis induced by high-dose cytosine arabinoside. Haematologica 91:255\u2013257","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"3096_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.119.3_229","volume":"119","author":"M Itoh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Itoh M, Aoyama T, Yamamura Y et al (1999) [Effects of the rational use of corticosteroids eye drops for the prevention of ocular toxicity in high-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy]. Yakugaku Zasshi 119:229\u2013235","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"3096_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.152","volume":"42","author":"T Mori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mori T, Watanabe M, Kurotori-Sotome T et al (2008) Reduced efficacy of topical corticosteroid in preventing cytarabine-induced kerato-conjunctivitis in patients receiving high-dose cytarabine and total body irradiation for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 42:197\u2013199","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"3096_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2020.99248","volume":"51","author":"G \u00d6zcan","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00d6zcan G, U\u00e7akhan \u00d6 (2021) Cytarabine-induced corneal toxicity: clinical features and relief of symptoms with loteprednol etabonate 0.5% in two patients. Turk J Ophthalmol 51:114\u2013117","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3096_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11174993","author":"F Chaudot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudot F, S\u00e8ve P, Rousseau A et al (2022) Ocular inflammation induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11174993","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3096_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.03.017","volume":"131","author":"MS Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang MS, Lee SW, Kim S et al (2024) Incident noninfectious uveitis risk after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Ophthalmology 131:867\u2013869","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3096_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.701951","volume":"12","author":"L Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou L, Wei X (2021) Ocular immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer. Front Immunol 12:701951","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3096_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1583347","volume":"28","author":"CW Noble","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noble CW, Gangaputra SS, Thompson IA et al (2020) Ocular adverse events following use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic malignancies. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 28:854\u2013859","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"3096_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01307-y","author":"T Yamae","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yamae T, Aoyama Y, Izawa H et al (2025) Clinical features and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated ocular inflammation in Japanese patients: a case series. Jpn J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01307-y","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3096_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58709","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17634","volume":"8","author":"C Fu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fu C, Gombos DS, Lee J et al (2017) Ocular toxicities associated with targeted anticancer agents: an analysis of clinical data with management suggestions. Oncotarget 8:58709\u201358727","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3096_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-20-21","volume":"4","author":"SH Bindiganavile","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bindiganavile SH, Bhat N, Lee AG et al (2021) Targeted cancer therapy and its ophthalmic side effects: a review. Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology 4:6\u201315","journal-title":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology"},{"key":"3096_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01507-z","volume":"81","author":"BH Fortes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fortes BH, Tailor PD, Dalvin LA (2021) Ocular toxicity of targeted anticancer agents. Drugs 81:771\u2013823","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"3096_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1435","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae177","volume":"29","author":"GK Dy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dy GK, Farooq AV, Kang JJ (2024) Ocular adverse events associated with antibody-drug conjugates for cancer: evidence and management strategies. Oncologist 29:e1435\u2013e1451","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"3096_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2251380","volume":"22","author":"F Raheem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raheem F, Alsuhebany N, Hickey Zacholski E et al (2023) Ocular toxicities associated with antibody drug conjugates and immunotherapy in oncology: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management strategies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 22:921\u2013928","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"3096_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30297-2","volume":"3","author":"T Hamaguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamaguchi T, Shimada Y, Mizusawa J et al (2018) Capecitabine versus S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colorectal cancer (JCOG0910): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:47\u201356","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3096_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2572","volume":"5","author":"T Yoshino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshino T, Yamanaka T, Oki E et al (2019) Efficacy and long-term peripheral sensory neuropathy of 3 vs. 6 months of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer: the achieve phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 5:1574\u20131581","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00116.x","volume":"81","author":"M Parkkari","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parkkari M, Paakkala AM, Salminen L et al (2003) Ocular side-effects in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen and toremifene: a randomized follow-up study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 81:495\u2013499","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"3096_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-0888-x","volume":"121","author":"T Aihara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aihara T, Takatsuka Y, Ohsumi S et al (2010) Phase III randomized adjuvant study of tamoxifen alone versus sequential tamoxifen and anastrozole in Japanese postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive breast cancer: N-SAS BC03 study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 121:379\u2013387","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"3096_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30626-6","volume":"20","author":"K Kato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kato K, Cho BC, Takahashi M et al (2019) Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:1506\u20131517","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00486","volume":"43","author":"K Shitara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shitara K, Rha SY, Wyrwicz L et al (2025) Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as perioperative therapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: final analysis of the randomized, Phase III KEYNOTE-585 study. J Clin Oncol 43:3152\u20133159","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15564","volume":"113","author":"H Kenmotsu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kenmotsu H, Sugawara S, Watanabe Y et al (2022) Adjuvant atezolizumab in Japanese patients with resected stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (IMpower010). Cancer Sci 113:4327\u20134338","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"3096_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30608-3","volume":"18","author":"YL Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu YL, Cheng Y, Zhou X et al (2017) Dacomitinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ARCHER 1050): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 18:1454\u20131466","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.1474","volume":"25","author":"U Gatzemeier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gatzemeier U, Pluzanska A, Szczesna A et al (2007) Phase III study of erlotinib in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the Tarceva Lung cancer investigation trial. J Clin Oncol 25:1545\u20131552","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713137","volume":"378","author":"JC Soria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J et al (2018) Osimertinib in Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced non-small-cell Lung cancer. N Engl J Med 378:113\u2013125","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3096_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e801","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00243-0","volume":"10","author":"MA Dimopoulos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimopoulos MA, Hungria VTM, Radinoff A et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of single-agent belantamab mafodotin versus pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-3): a phase 3, open-label, randomised study. Lancet Haematol 10:e801\u2013e812","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"3096_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405090","volume":"391","author":"V Hungria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hungria V, Robak P, Hus M et al (2024) Belantamab Mafodotin, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone for multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med 391:393\u2013407","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3096_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403407","volume":"391","author":"MA Dimopoulos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dimopoulos MA, Beksac M, Pour L et al (2024) Belantamab Mafodotin, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone in multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med 391:408\u2013421","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3096_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.02.017","volume":"32","author":"KN Moore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moore KN, Oza AM, Colombo N et al (2021) Phase III, randomized trial of mirvetuximab soravtansine versus chemotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: primary analysis of FORWARD I. Ann Oncol 32:757\u2013765","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309169","volume":"389","author":"KN Moore","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moore KN, Angelergues A, Konecny GE et al (2023) Mirvetuximab soravtansine in FR\u03b1-positive, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 389:2162\u20132174","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3096_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313811","volume":"391","author":"I Vergote","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vergote I, Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00edn A, Fujiwara K et al (2024) Tisotumab vedotin as second- or third-line therapy for recurrent cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 391:44\u201355","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3096_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30172-3","volume":"17","author":"RS Kerr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kerr RS, Love S, Segelov E et al (2016) Adjuvant capecitabine plus bevacizumab versus capecitabine alone in patients with colorectal cancer (QUASAR 2): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 17:1543\u20131557","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41964-y","volume":"13","author":"RF Schlenk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schlenk RF, Weber D, Krzykalla J et al (2023) Randomized phase-III study of low-dose cytarabine and etoposide\u2009+\u2009\/- all-trans retinoic acid in older unfit patients with NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 13:14809","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3096_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.03.013","volume":"122","author":"RS Mannel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mannel RS, Brady MF, Kohn EC et al (2011) A randomized phase III trial of IV carboplatin and paclitaxel \u00d7 3 courses followed by observation versus weekly maintenance low-dose paclitaxel in patients with early-stage ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Gynecol Oncol 122:89\u201394","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.6112","volume":"31","author":"A Ribas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ribas A, Kefford R, Marshall MA et al (2013) Phase III randomized clinical trial comparing tremelimumab with standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 31:616\u2013622","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR68","first-page":"580","volume":"26","author":"MS Shapiro","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shapiro MS, Thoft RA, Friend J et al (1985) 5-Fluorouracil toxicity to the ocular surface epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 26:580\u2013583","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"3096_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2024.102867","volume":"134","author":"B Bouguerra Zina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bouguerra Zina B, Rousseau F, Fauquier S et al (2025) Practical clinical management of ocular adverse events related to antibody-drug conjugates in gynaecological malignancies. Cancer Treat Rev 134:102867","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"3096_CR70","volume":"16","author":"S Shihadeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shihadeh S, Patrick MM, Postma G et al (2024) Blinding optic neuropathy associated with carboplatin therapy: a case report and literature review. Cureus 16:e52975","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"3096_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060992","volume":"60","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee J, Lee S et al (2024) Bilateral visual impairment following combination chemotherapy with carboplatin in patients with small cell lung cancer: a case report. Medicina (Kaunas) 60(6):992","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"3096_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.10.002","volume":"69","author":"R Boucher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boucher R, Haigh O, Barreau E et al (2024) Ocular surface toxicities associated with modern anticancer therapies. Surv Ophthalmol 69:198\u2013210","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3096_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13122968","author":"A Kommalapati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kommalapati A, Tella SH, Borad M et al (2021) FGFR inhibitors in oncology: insight on the management of toxicities in clinical practice. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13122968","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"3096_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e616","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae014","volume":"29","author":"KW Jeng-Miller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeng-Miller KW, Miller MA, Heier JS (2024) Ocular effects of MEK inhibitor therapy: literature review, clinical presentation, and best practices for mitigation. Oncologist 29:e616\u2013e621","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"3096_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01440","volume":"39","author":"BJ Schneider","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schneider BJ, Naidoo J, Santomasso BD et al (2021) Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol 39:4073\u20134126","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv119","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx225","volume":"28","author":"J Haanen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haanen J, Carbonnel F, Robert C et al (2017) Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 28:iv119\u2013iv142","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00692-6","volume":"23","author":"YK Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang YK, Chen LT, Ryu MH et al (2022) Nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative, untreated, unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ATTRACTION-4): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 23:234\u2013247","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"3096_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30534-9","volume":"22","author":"M Toi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toi M, Imoto S, Ishida T et al (2021) Adjuvant S-1 plus endocrine therapy for oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, primary breast cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 22:74\u201384","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-026-03096-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10147-026-03096-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10147-026-03096-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:03:20Z","timestamp":1787670200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10147-026-03096-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10147-026-03096-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-9625","1437-7772"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-9625","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7772","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised to correct the author's name. In this article, the author's name, Yohei Iimura, was incorrectly written as Yohei Limura.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Yohei Iimura received lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Hitomi Sakai received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo Co., LTD, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer. Michio Nakamura received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Isana Nakajima and Seiichiro Kuroda have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No approval of research ethics committees was required to accomplish the goals of this work because it is a review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}