{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T05:33:55Z","timestamp":1792992835715,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender equity, work-life balance, and career development have become important concerns in the medical profession. However, empirical evidence on how neuro-oncology professionals experience working conditions, career barriers, and perceived inequity remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional, anonymous online survey of members of the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology (JSNO) to evaluate working conditions, career-related concerns, job satisfaction, perceived workplace discrimination, and organizational challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 292 respondents (response rate, 35.9%), the mean weekly working time was 56.7\u00a0h, and 45.5% worked\u2009\u2265\u200960\u00a0h per week. Women were markedly underrepresented in managerial\/leadership positions (6.7% vs. 47.3%) and were more likely to hold part-time positions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female sex was independently associated with greater perceived workplace discrimination (OR 2.71, 95% CI [1.23\u20135.98],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), after adjustment for working hours, caregiving experience, and managerial\/leadership position. An age-by sex interaction was observed for career-related concerns: these increased with age among women but decreased among men. Longer working hours were associated with lower satisfaction with income, working hours, and work-life balance. Although workplace support systems are widely available, substantial perceptual gaps and workload redistribution challenges were identified.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight persistent gender disparities and structural workforce challenges in Japanese neuro-oncology, underscoring the need for institutional strategies to promote sustainable workforce development and gender equity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-026-03168-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:01:44Z","timestamp":1787058104000},"page":"2627-2634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Working conditions, career barriers and perceived equity among neuro-oncology professionals: insights from the Japan society for neuro-oncology (JSNO) gender equality and diversity committee survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7943-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5703-9382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsutoshi","family":"Nakada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoo","family":"Nagane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamitsu","family":"Fujimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of The Gender Equality and Diversity Committee of the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3168_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmorw.2025.100186","author":"T Ono","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ono T, Takahashi I, Kudo T et al (2025) Barriers to career development and gender-related challenges in oncology: the results of the JSMO and JSCO surveys in Japan. ESMO Real World Data Digit Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmorw.2025.100186","journal-title":"ESMO Real World Data Digit Oncol"},{"key":"3168_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2016-0119","volume":"56","author":"T Fujimaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujimaki T, Shibui S, Kato Y et al (2016) Working conditions and lifestyle of female neurosurgeons. Neurol Med Chir 56:704\u2013708","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir"},{"issue":"7","key":"3168_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9957","volume":"3","author":"K Kono","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kono K, Watari T, Tokuda Y (2020) Assessment of academic achievement of female physicians in Japan. JAMA Netw Open 3(7):e209957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.9957","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3168_CR4","first-page":"349","volume":"112","author":"Y Tomizawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tomizawa Y, Kono E, Nomura S et al (2011) Japanese women surgeons\u2019 present and future. J Jpn Surg Soc 112:349\u2013353","journal-title":"J Jpn Surg Soc"},{"key":"3168_CR5","unstructured":"Japan Medical Association (2019) Report on working conditions of women physicians. Japan Medical Association, Tokyo. Available from: https:\/\/www.med.or.jp\/joseiishi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/h29wd_survey.pdf"},{"key":"3168_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1916935","volume":"383","author":"KP Richter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richter KP, Clark L, Wick JA et al (2020) Women physicians and promotion in academic medicine. N Engl J Med 383:2148\u20132157","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3168_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npad064","volume":"11","author":"EL Rhun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rhun EL, Boele F, Minniti G et al (2024) Gender balance and suitable positive actions to promote gender equality among healthcare professionals in neuro-oncology: the EANO positive action initiative. Neurooncol Pract 11(1):46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nop\/npad064","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"3168_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.08.023","volume":"90","author":"TD Shanafelt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shanafelt TD, Hasan O, Dyrbye LN et al (2015) Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work\u2013life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. Mayo Clin Proc 90:1600\u20131613","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"3168_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31279-X","volume":"388","author":"CP West","year":"2016","unstructured":"West CP, Dyrbye LN, Erwin PJ et al (2016) Interventions to prevent and reduce physician burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Dr. Hirose has served on the Advisory Board of Nihon Servier; has received honoraria from Novocure, Nihon Servier, and Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.; and has received fees for promotional materials from Nihon Servier.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics and Academic Committees of the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology (JSNO2021-1).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants prior to participation in the survey.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}