{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:23:29Z","timestamp":1783466609339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019791","name":"Istanbul Medipol University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tech Coloproctol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal management of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) remains controversial, with multiple treatment approaches available. Pit-picking is a minimally invasive technique, often enhanced with laser treatment (LT), but the long-term benefits of LT remain uncertain. The objective of this study is to compare pit-picking alone versus pit-picking combined with LT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study including seven centers across Turkey. Patients who underwent pit-picking surgery for PSD between June 2017 and March 2025 were included. Patients receiving adjunctive treatments beyond LT, undergoing excisional procedures, or with incomplete follow-up data were excluded. Pit-picking surgeries performed with or without LT were compared. The primary measure was the recurrence rate at 5 years. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pain, time to complete healing, complications, return to work, and costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 306 patients, 109 (35.6%) underwent pit-picking alone, and 197 (64.4%) received pit-picking with LT. The complication rate was lower in the LT group (6.1% vs. 14.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). Patients treated with LT had shorter times to pain-free sitting (median 5 vs. 7\u00a0days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and return to work (3 vs. 6\u00a0days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Complete healing was achieved in 97.4% of patients, with a median time of 14\u00a0days. Recurrence rates at 5 years were similar (pit-picking: 13.8%, pit-picking\u2009+\u2009LT: 12.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.460). Costs were higher for the LT group ($1212\u2009\u00b1\u2009146 vs. $888\u2009\u00b1\u2009148), although complicated pit-picking cases had comparable costs to the LT group ($1198\u2009\u00b1\u2009370,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Risk factors for recurrence included high BMI, family history, advanced Tezel stage, and postoperative complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While LT improves early postoperative outcomes, it does not impact long-term recurrence rates. The increased cost of LT should be weighed against its benefits in reducing complications, pain, and recovery time. Further randomized trials are needed to refine patient selection criteria and assess cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT05569135, Registration date: 05.10.2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-026-03314-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:36:43Z","timestamp":1778697403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does laser treatment affect outcome in pilonidal sinus disease? Long-term multicenter retrospective analysis of pit-picking alone vs. pit-picking with laser"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2282-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N Cigdem","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail Ahmet","family":"Bilgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Gulcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baris","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail Cem","family":"Eray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayfun","family":"Bisgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afag","family":"Aghayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishak","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cagri","family":"Bilgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salih","family":"Boluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cahide Inci","family":"Kurtul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur","family":"Ramoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilknur Erenler","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20143-4","author":"VK Stauffer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stauffer VK, Luedi MM, Kauf P et al (2018) Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: a meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-20143-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003688","author":"IMM Wiinblad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wiinblad IMM, Ulrichsen J, Brandstrup B (2025) Outcome Following surgical treatment for chronic pilonidal sinus disease: a systematic review of common surgical techniques. Dis Colon Rectum. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003688","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"5","key":"3314_CR3","first-page":"567","volume":"87","author":"J Bascom","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bascom J (1980) Pilonidal disease: origin from follicles of hairs and results of follicle removal as treatment. Surgery 87(5):567\u2013572","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"3314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9329-x","author":"M Gips","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gips M, Melki Y, Salem L, Weil R, Sulkes J (2008) Minimal surgery for pilonidal disease using trephines: description of a new technique and long-term outcomes in 1,358 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-008-9329-x","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"3314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03379-x","volume":"37","author":"I Romic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Romic I, Augustin G, Bogdanic B, Bruketa T, Moric T (2022) Laser treatment of pilonidal disease: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 37(2):723\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03379-x","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.47717\/turkjsurg.2022.5247","volume":"38","author":"S Karg\u0131n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karg\u0131n S, Do\u011fru O, Turan E, Kerimo\u011flu RS, Nazik EE, Esen E (2022) Previously operated recurrent pilonidal sinus treated with crystallized phenol: twenty-year experience in a cohort study. Turk J Surg 38(2):187\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47717\/turkjsurg.2022.5247","journal-title":"Turk J Surg"},{"key":"3314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Milone M, Gallo G, Grossi U, et al. Endoscopic sinusectomy: \u2018a rose by any other name\u2019. A systematic review of different endoscopic procedures to treat pilonidal disease. Colorectal Disease. 2023;25(2):177\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.16361","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16361"},{"issue":"5","key":"3314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-014-2776-0","volume":"86","author":"I Iesalnieks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iesalnieks I, Deimel S, Schlitt HJ (2015) \u201ePit-picking\u201c-Operation bei Patienten mit Sinus pilonidalis: Mittelfristige Ergebnisse und Risikofaktoren. Chirurg 86(5):482\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00104-014-2776-0","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"3314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02014-6","author":"K Koskinen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koskinen K, Harju J, Hermunen K (2023) Long-term results for pit-picking and flap procedures in primary pilonidal sinus disease. BMC Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-023-02014-6","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"3314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-025-04832-x","author":"J Qin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qin J, Xu X, Li Z, Jin L, Wang Z, Wu J (2025) Efficacy and safety of laser ablation for recurrent pilonidal sinus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-025-04832-x","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4274\/tjcd.galenos.2023.2023-8-2","volume":"33","author":"C Arslan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arslan C, Deniz E, \u00d6zdenkaya Y (2023) Pit-picking with laser treatment versus pit-picking alone in pilonidal disease: retrospective mid-term results. Turk J Colorectal Dis 33(4):116\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tjcd.galenos.2023.2023-8-2","journal-title":"Turk J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01236.x","volume":"9","author":"E Tezel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tezel E (2007) A new classification according to navicular area concept for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Colorectal Dis 9(6):575\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01236.x","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-021-02568-8","volume":"26","author":"B Gulcu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gulcu B, Ozturk E (2022) Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment vs laser-assisted endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment: short-term results from a retrospective case-matched study. Tech Coloproctol 26(4):271\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-021-02568-8","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-023-02831-0","volume":"27","author":"IA Bilgin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bilgin IA, Tanal M, Ramoglu N et al (2023) Short- and mid-term results of diode laser treatment in pilonidal sinus disease and the role of endoscopic camera use on outcomes. Tech Coloproctol 27(10):921\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-023-02831-0","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.018","volume":"46","author":"LM O\u2019Hara","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara LM, Thom KA, Preas MA (2018) Update to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection (2017): a summary, review, and strategies for implementation. Am J Infect Control 46(6):602\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"11","key":"3314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-013-1731-8","volume":"28","author":"H Sievert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sievert H, Evers T, Matevossian E, Hoenemann C, Hoffmann S, Doll D (2013) The influence of lifestyle (smoking and body mass index) on wound healing and long-term recurrence rate in 534 primary pilonidal sinus patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 28(11):1555\u20131562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-013-1731-8","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3314_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/wjs.12492","volume":"49","author":"D Doll","year":"2025","unstructured":"Doll D, Hackmann T, Haas S, Laurberg S (2025) Pilonidal Network for expertise R and D (PiloNERDs I. Evaluation of outcomes for karydakis operation for pilonidal sinus disease-comparison of original reports with later results. World J Surg 49(3):584\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wjs.12492","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"3314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.06.071","volume":"232","author":"DR Halleran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Halleran DR, Lopez JJ, Lawrence AE et al (2018) Recurrence of pilonidal disease: our best is not good enough. J Surg Res 232:430\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2018.06.071","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2017.1.15892","volume":"38","author":"FM Almajid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almajid FM, Alabdrabalnabi AA, Almulhim KA (2017) The risk of recurrence of pilonidal disease after surgical management. Saudi Med J 38(1):70\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15537\/smj.2017.1.15892","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819f6189","volume":"52","author":"OF Akinci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akinci OF, Kurt M, Terzi A, Atak I, Subasi IE, Akbilgic O (2009) Natal cleft deeper in patients with pilonidal sinus. Dis Colon Rectum 52(5):1000\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819f6189","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"3314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.5152\/UCD.2015.3112","volume":"32","author":"AD U\u00e7ar","year":"2016","unstructured":"U\u00e7ar AD, Cart\u0131 EB, Oymac\u0131 E et al (2016) Recurrent pilonidal disease surgery: Is it second primary or reoperative surgery? Ulus Cerrahi Derg 32(3):162\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/UCD.2015.3112","journal-title":"Ulus Cerrahi Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000725168.11099.92","volume":"34","author":"M Kanlioz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanlioz M, Ekici U, Tatli F, Karatas T (2021) Pilonidal sinus disease: an analysis of the factors affecting recurrence. Adv Skin Wound Care 34(2):81\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ASW.0000725168.11099.92","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"3314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.47717\/turkjsurg.2025.6665","volume":"41","author":"M Maak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maak M, M\u00f6rsdorf P, Bari L et al (2025) Intergluteal fold depth has no influence on pilonidal sinus disease development. Turk J Surg 41(2):130\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47717\/turkjsurg.2025.6665","journal-title":"Turk J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001237","volume":"62","author":"EK Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson EK, Vogel JD, Cowan ML, Feingold DL, Steele SR (2019) The American society of colon and rectal surgeons\u2019 clinical practice guidelines for the management of pilonidal disease. Dis Colon Rectum 62(2):146\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001237","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"3314_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae237","author":"D Ojo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ojo D, Gallo G, Kleijnen J et al (2024) European Society of Coloproctology guidelines for the management of pilonidal disease. Br J Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znae237","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"3314_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iesalnieks I, Ommer A, Herold A, Doll D (2020) German National Guideline on the management of pilonidal disease: update 2020. Published online 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00423-020-02060-1\/Published","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-020-02060-1\/Published"},{"key":"3314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huurman EA, Galema HA, de Raaff C, Toorenvliet B, Smeenk R (2022) Assessment of surgical strategies for pilonidal sinus disease in the Netherlands. Cureus. Published online May 16, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.25050","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25050"},{"key":"3314_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-023-04324-w","author":"M De Decker","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Decker M, Sels T, Van Hoof S et al (2023) Does minimally invasive laser-assisted treatment of pilonidal sinus disease live up to its expectations: a multi-center study with 226 patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-023-04324-w","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3314_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-018-1863-5","volume":"22","author":"GK Georgiou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Georgiou GK (2018) Outpatient laser treatment of primary pilonidal disease: the PiLaT technique. Tech Coloproctol 22(10):773\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-018-1863-5","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3314_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-022-00777-5","volume":"55","author":"M Ergen\u00e7","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ergen\u00e7 M, Uprak TK (2023) Gender-specific prevalence of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease in Turkey: a\u00a0retrospective analysis of a\u00a0large cohort. Eur Surg 55(1):43\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10353-022-00777-5","journal-title":"Eur Surg"}],"container-title":["Techniques in Coloproctology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10151-026-03314-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10151-026-03314-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10151-026-03314-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:54:56Z","timestamp":1783464896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10151-026-03314-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10151-026-03314-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7906871\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1123-6337","1128-045X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1123-6337","type":"print"},{"value":"1128-045X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study received ethical approval from the Istanbul Medipol University Ethics Committee (approval no. E-10840098-772.022926).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"NCT05569135, Registration date: 05.10.2022.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Registration"}},{"value":"Informed consent forms were not retrospectively obtained from the patients for this particular study. However, all surgical consent forms include statements that anonymized patient data will be used in scientific studies. Every human participant has provided their written consent to allow their data to be used in the manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"103"}}