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Stable hemodialysis patients with intact parathyroid hormone \u2264240\u00a0pg\/mL meeting \u22651 of the following criteria (age &gt;65\u00a0years, postmenopause, diabetes mellitus) were randomized into the LC and CC groups. LC group patients initially received LC 750\u00a0mg\/day or the previously used dose and were titrated up to a maximum 2250\u00a0mg\/day to achieve serum P levels of 3.5\u20136.0\u00a0mg\/dL. CC group patients received CC 3\u00a0g\/day or the previously used dose and were titrated to achieve the same P range. If the target serum P level was not achieved, non-Ca-based P binders (other than LC) could also be added. The primary endpoint is survival time free of cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and unstable angina.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, 2309 patients were allocated to the LC (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01154) or CC group (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01155). At baseline, the mean age was 68.4\u00a0years, 40.4\u00a0% were women, 55.9\u00a0% had diabetes, 18.3\u00a0% had a history of ischemic heart disease, and 13.9\u00a0% had cerebrovascular disease. A total of 184 patients (8.4\u00a0%) had undergone coronary intervention procedures. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The LANDMARK study will determine whether LC, a non-Ca-based P binder, reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-016-1310-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T08:41:33Z","timestamp":1468312893000},"page":"531-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Design and baseline characteristics of the LANDMARK study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Ogata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Fukagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hirakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Kagimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Akizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"On behalf of the LANDMARK Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9531176","volume":"31","author":"GA Block","year":"1998","unstructured":"Block GA, Hulbert-Shearon TE, Levin NW, Port FK. 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