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However, the magnitude of the survival benefit of LKT is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This prospective cohort study used two Japanese nationwide databases for dialysis and kidney transplantation and included 862 LKT recipients and 285,242 hemodialysis (HD) patients in the main model and 5299\u00a0LKT recipients and 151,074 HD patients in the supplementary model. We employed time-dependent model in the main model and assessed the hazard ratio and the difference in the restricted mean survival time (RMST) between LKT recipients and HD patients. In the main analysis of the main model (LKT, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009675; HD, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009675), we matched LKT recipients with HD patients by age, sex, dialysis vintage, and cause of renal failure and excluded HD patients with dementia or performance status grades 2, 3, or 4.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median observational period was 8.00 (IQR 3.58\u20138.00) years. LKT was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality (hazard ratios (95% confidence interval (CI)), 0.50 (0.35\u20130.72)) and an increase in life expectancy (7-year RMST differences (95% CI), 0.48 (0.35\u20130.60) years) compared with HD. In subgroup analysis, the survival benefit of LKT was greater in female patients than in male patients in the Cox model; whereas older patients gained longer life expectancy compared with younger patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>LKT was associated with better survival benefits than HD, and the estimated increase in life expectancy was 0.48\u00a0years for 7\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-023-02417-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1697875347000},"page":"165-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Survival benefit of living donor kidney transplantation in patients on hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Mieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yagisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosaku","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000157343.27949.9F","volume":"79","author":"Delmonico F; Council of the Transplantation Society","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delmonico F; Council of the Transplantation Society. 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All remaining authors have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the JSDT (approval number: 49), the Ethics Committee at Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine (approval number: B200241), and the ethics committee of the JST, and was conducted per the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The studies were in accordance the Declaration of Istanbul.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The need for participants\u2019 informed consent was waived.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}