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However, no large, nationally representative study has investigated cancer incidence post-kidney transplantation. This study aimed to determine the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for cancer after kidney transplantation using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (NDB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used NDB from April 2013 to March 2022; patients were included if they had been on dialysis for at least one year, were diagnosed with cancer related to post-kidney transplantation, and were prescribed immunosuppressant drugs in FY2014 or FY2015. We defined patients with cancer as those who were coded as ICD-10 for cancer in FY2016 or later. The number of patients and SIRs were tabulated according to the duration after kidney transplantation and cancer type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total number of patients was 4484 (males: 2879; females: 1605). The SIRs of all cancers from the first to the seventh year after kidney transplantation were 232\/291\/235\/248\/257\/187\/149, respectively, showing a gradual downward trend over time. The predilection sites of cancer in both men and women were post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, Kaposi sarcoma, and the kidney.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study, which followed over 100\u00a0million people, is the first large-scale research to track kidney transplant recipients for under 10\u00a0years. It incorporates an unprecedented sample size and uniquely identified short-term cancer risk trends following kidney transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-025-02748-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T05:58:59Z","timestamp":1756274339000},"page":"1892-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence and risk of cancer emergence among patients post-kidney transplantation in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7374-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saho","family":"Kanno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Myojin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Eriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Samejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Tsuruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2748_CR1","first-page":"189","volume":"58","author":"The Japanese Society for Clinical Renal Transplantation","year":"2023","unstructured":"The Japanese Society for Clinical Renal Transplantation, The Japan Society for Transplantation. 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(grant numbers: JP20H00623) and Research Project Funded by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Research on Policy for Intractable Diseases): Strategic Comprehensive Research to Promote Research and Improve Medical Care for the Overcoming of Intractable Diseases (24FC2004). Yuichi Nishioka received the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (grant numbers: 22H03355, 23K24613, and 24K22341) and speaker fees from Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, and DeSC Healthcare. Tomoya Myojin received a consultant fee for the Health Insurance Claims Review & Reimbursement services and holds positions as a member of the Lifecourse and Big Data Committee of the Japan Society of Public Health and the Social Insurance Committee of the Japanese Society of Pathology. Shinichiro Kubo received the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (grant number: 19K19464). Tomoaki Imamura received\u00a0Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI\u00a0(grant number:\u00a023H00507). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nara Medical University (1123, 2831). This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. And the studies were in accordance with the Declaration of Istanbul.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the law in Japan.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}