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KY reported receiving lecture fees from Novartis Pharm and Kyowa Kirin. TS reported receiving lecture fees from Novartis Pharm, Otsuka, Viatris, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, and Kaneka medix. NK reported receiving lecture fees from Kyowa Kirin, Torii Pharmaceutical, and Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho. MM reported receiving lecture fees from Kyowa Kirin, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho. Kissei Pharmaceutical, and Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries. FK reported receiving lecture fees from Kyowa Kirin, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho,Ono pharmaceutical, participated advisory board of Kyowa Kirin HO reported receiving lecture fees from Astra Zeneca, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. HH reported receiving consulting fees from Astellas Pharma, Kyowa Kirin, Torii Pharmaceutical, Bayer Yakuhin and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and lecture fees from Astellas Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Torii Pharmaceutical, Bayer Yakuhin, Kissei Pharmaceutical and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional committee at which the studies were conducted (IRB approval number 2023\u2013129-B) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This study is a single-center retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at Saiyu Clinic (Koshigaya City).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the study participants via an opt-out procedure.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}