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Clinical epidemiology provides a bridge between bedside questions and population science; however, its role is often narrowly perceived as clinical statistics rather than as a discipline centered on research conceptualization and design. In this invited review, I reflect on how clinical questions arising from routine nephrology practice can be systematically developed into clinically relevant research through a nephrologist\u2013epidemiologist\u2019s lens. First, drawing on our experience and illustrative examples, I describe how rethinking care processes through established frameworks\u2014such as the structure\u2013process\u2013outcome model\u2014can support clinicians in formulating answerable questions that matter to patients. Second, I expand the lens beyond traditional nephrology to incorporate perspectives from social medicine, emphasizing trust, hope, and patient-reported outcomes as integral components of chronic kidney disease care. Finally, this review highlights how clinical questions can be embedded within clinical research design frameworks to clarify research objectives across diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and etiology. In an era of rapid methodological diversification, the nephrologist\u2013epidemiologist\u2019s unique contribution may lie in cultivating a sharpened lens: the ability to discern relevant clinical questions and sustain deep clinical reasoning. By doing so, clinical epidemiology can continue to guide research that advances comprehensive and patient-centered kidney care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-026-02822-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:33:03Z","timestamp":1769851983000},"page":"559-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical epidemiology for comprehensive kidney care: a framework for developing clinical research questions, from biomarkers to patient-reported outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4127-7500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriaki","family":"Kurita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000381938","volume":"40","author":"N Kurita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kurita N, Fujii A, Kotera N, Tanaka M, Tanaka S, Miyairi T, et al. 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He has also received honoraria for speaking engagements and educational activities from Eisai Co., Ltd.; Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.; GlaxoSmithKline K.K.; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and Vantive Japan.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies involving human participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}