{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:55:44Z","timestamp":1776426944630,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008644","name":"Japan Diabetes Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008644","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012627","name":"Japan Diabetes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016573","name":"Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Daiwa Securities Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-026-02838-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T04:28:01Z","timestamp":1773462481000},"page":"737-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of leisure-time and daily life physical activity on chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mika","family":"Fujihira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8105-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Ohkuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wakako","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Murao-Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Ago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2838_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-SINT","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2025","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Suppl 1):S1-352.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"23","key":"2838_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf167","volume":"46","author":"K Marx-Schutt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marx-Schutt K, Cherney DZI, Jankowski J, Matsushita K, Nardone M, Marx N. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J. 2025;46(23):2148\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf167.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"24","key":"2838_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5S","key":"2838_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","volume":"102","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Diabetes Work G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Diabetes Work G. KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5S):S1\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2838_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00961-7","volume":"38","author":"S Seidu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seidu S, Abdool M, Almaqhawi A, Wilkinson TJ, Kunutsor SK, Khunti K, et al. Physical activity and risk of chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 cohort studies involving 1,281,727 participants. Eur J Epidemiol. 2023;38(3):267\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-022-00961-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2838_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe058035","volume":"352","author":"A Lesley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lesley A, Stevens MD, Andrew S, Levey MD. Chronic kidney disease in the elderly \u2014 how to assess risk. New Engl J Med. 2005;352:2122\u20134.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2838_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2746-3","volume":"56","author":"T Ohkuma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ohkuma T, Fujii H, Iwase M, Kikuchi Y, Ogata S, Idewaki Y, et al. Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study. Diabetologia. 2013;56(1):70\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-012-2746-3.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"2838_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S498","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009","volume":"32","author":"BE Ainsworth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(9):S498-504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2838_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098768","volume":"9","author":"S Kaizu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaizu S, Kishimoto H, Iwase M, Fujii H, Ohkuma T, Ide H, et al. Impact of leisure-time physical activity on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e98768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098768.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2838_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","volume":"1","author":"LS Radloff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for researchin the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1997;1:385\u2013401.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"issue":"2","key":"2838_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20110075","volume":"22","author":"S Kobayashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kobayashi S, Honda S, Murakami K, Sasaki S, Okubo H, Hirota N, et al. Both comprehensive and brief self-administered diet history questionnaires satisfactorily rank nutrient intakes in Japanese adults. J Epidemiol. 2012;22(2):151\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20110075.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2838_CR12","first-page":"62","volume":"41","author":"YHS Itoh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Itoh YHS, Ichihara K, Yamada T, Akasaka K, Waki S, Takagi K, et al. Standardization of serum cystatin C immunoassay using calibrator of each assay system, in which assigned value are transferred from ERM-DA471\/IFCC. Rinshokagaku. 2012;41:62\u201371.","journal-title":"Rinshokagaku"},{"issue":"6","key":"2838_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034","volume":"53","author":"S Matsuo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsuo S, Imai E, Horio M, Yasuda Y, Tomita K, Nitta K, et al. Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(6):982\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2838_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.07.007","volume":"61","author":"M Horio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horio M, Imai E, Yasuda Y, Watanabe T, Matsuo S. Collaborators developing the Japanese equation for estimated GFR. GFR estimation using standardized serum cystatin C in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;61(2):197\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.07.007.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2838_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0886","volume":"45","author":"M Rietz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rietz M, Lehr A, Mino E, Lang A, Szczerba E, Schiemann T, et al. Physical activity and risk of major diabetes-related complications in individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(12):3101\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc22-0886.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2838_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.13391118","volume":"14","author":"T Ohkuma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ohkuma T, Jun M, Chalmers J, Cooper ME, Hamet P, Harrap S, et al. Combination of changes in estimated GFR and albuminuria and the risk of major clinical outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14(6):862\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.13391118.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2838_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0828-6","volume":"48","author":"SDI Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell SDI, Brosnan BJ, Chu AKY, Skeaff CM, Rehrer NJ, Perry TL, et al. Sedentary behavior and body weight and composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sports Med. 2018;48(3):585\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0828-6.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2838_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1651","volume":"162","author":"A Biswas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS, et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(2):123\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-1651.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2838_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0322-y","volume":"45","author":"PH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee PH, Wong FK. The association between time spent in sedentary behaviors and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45(6):867\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-015-0322-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2838_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20210155","volume":"33","author":"M Hara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hara M, Nishida Y, Tanaka K, Shimanoe C, Koga K, Furukawa T, et al. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior are independently associated with renal function: a cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol. 2023;33(6):285\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.JE20210155.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2838_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1403998","volume":"15","author":"X Suo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suo X, Liu Y, Amoah AN, Bo Y, Lyu Q. Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with renal function and chronic kidney disease: a national population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1403998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2024.1403998.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2838_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107564","volume":"58","author":"L Mengyi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mengyi L, Yanjun Z, Yuanyuan Z, Panpan H, Chun Z, Ziliang Y, et al. Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and its change with progression to chronic kidney disease in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58(6):313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107564.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2838_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.46802","volume":"7","author":"D Martinez-Gomez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martinez-Gomez D, Luo M, Huang Y, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Ekelund U, Sotos-Prieto M, et al. Physical activity and all-cause mortality by age in 4 multinational megacohorts. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(11):e2446802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.46802.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2838_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.325526","volume":"137","author":"MY Mi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mi MY, Perry AS, Krishnan V, Nayor M. Epidemiology and cardiovascular benefits of physical activity and exercise. Circ Res. 2025;137(2):120\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.325526.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2838_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115808","author":"A Giandalia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giandalia A, Giuffrida AE, Gembillo G, Cucinotta D, Squadrito G, Santoro D, et al. Gender differences in diabetic kidney disease: focus on hormonal, genetic and clinical factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22115808.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2838_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.12.019","volume":"83","author":"H Ji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ji H, Gulati M, Huang TY, Kwan AC, Ouyang D, Ebinger JE, et al. Sex differences in association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(8):783\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.12.019.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2838_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0703-3","volume":"15","author":"B Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pan B, Ge L, Xun YQ, Chen YJ, Gao CY, Han X, et al. Exercise training modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018;15(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-018-0703-3.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 2","key":"2838_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.048","volume":"63","author":"RJ Macisaac","year":"2014","unstructured":"Macisaac RJ, Ekinci EI, Jerums G. Markers of and risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;63(2 Suppl 2):S39-62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.048.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2838_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae062","volume":"39","author":"PL Valenzuela","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valenzuela PL, Castillo-Garcia A, Saco-Ledo G, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Physical exercise: a polypill against chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2024;39(9):1384\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae062.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"21","key":"2838_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad170","volume":"44","author":"PL Valenzuela","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valenzuela PL, Ruilope LM, Santos-Lozano A, Wilhelm M, Krankel N, Fiuza-Luces C, et al. Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to clinical implementation. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(21):1874\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad170.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2838_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2013-0198","volume":"12","author":"AMB Richard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richard AMB, Wanner M, Eichholzer M, Rohrmann S. Effects of leisuretime and occupational physical activity on total mortality risk in NHANES III according to sex, ethnicity, central obesity, and age. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12:184\u201392.","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02838-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02838-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02838-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:09:36Z","timestamp":1776424176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02838-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02838-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1342-1751","1437-7799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1342-1751","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest exist.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}