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Maruyama has received grants\/research support from Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Zenyaku Kogyo, Nipro Corporation, and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Alexion Pharma, Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Ono Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Torii Pharmaceutical, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and scholarship donations from Otsuka Pharmaceutical and Torii Pharmaceutical. I. Narita has received speaker's fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, Bayer Yakuhin, Kyowa Kirin, and research grants from Bayer Yakuhin, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Terumo, Kaneka, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Astellas Pharma, Sumitomo Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Amicus Therapeutics. K. Hiromura has received consultancy fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical and GlaxoSmithKline, grants\/research support from Chugai Pharmaceutical, and honoraria from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Asahi Kasei Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Kissei Pharmaceutical, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective cohort study followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Japanese Society of Nephrology (approval number 70) and the Ethics Committee of Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine (approval number HS2019-280).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent from patients was obtained to register Medical Certificates of Designated Intractable Diseases in the NDDID-J and to use the data for research and policy-making.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}