{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:55:47Z","timestamp":1790560547727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-026-02952-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:57:07Z","timestamp":1790499427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of serum chloride concentration with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: the Fukuoka peritoneal dialysis registry (F-PDR)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Hamashoji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Tsuneyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Tsuruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-5615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Ago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Fukuoka Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (F-PDR) group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032347","volume":"20","author":"YC Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee YC, Lin CW, Ho LC, Hung SY, Wang HK, Chang MY, et al. All-cause standardized mortality ratio in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2347.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2952_CR2","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System. 2025 USRDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2025."},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"2952_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70239-3","volume":"35","author":"MJ Sarnak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarnak MJ, Levey AS. Cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease: a new paradigm. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35(4 Suppl 1):S117\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2952_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000382","volume":"69","author":"AY Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang AY, Lai KN. The importance of residual renal function in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2006;69(10):1726\u201332.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2952_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp395","volume":"25","author":"R Paniagua","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paniagua R, Ventura MD, Avila-D\u00edaz M, Hinojosa-Heredia H, M\u00e9ndez-Dur\u00e1n A, Cueto-Manzano A, et al. NT-proBNP, fluid volume overload and dialysis modality are independent predictors of mortality in ESRD patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(2):551\u20137.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"2952_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.08.008","volume":"7","author":"HI Cheikh Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheikh Hassan HI, Murali K, Lonergan M, Boudville N, Johnson D, Borlace M, et al. Association of peritonitis with cardiovascular mortality over time in the peritoneal dialysis population: an Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry study. Kidney Int Rep. 2022;7(11):2388\u201396.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2952_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.007","volume":"66","author":"JL Grodin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grodin JL, Simon J, Hachamovitch R, Wu Y, Jackson G, Halkar M, et al. Prognostic role of serum chloride levels in acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(6):659\u201366.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2952_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefro.2023.02.010","volume":"43","author":"F Valga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valga F, Monzon T, Vega-Diaz N, Santana A, Moscol G, Ruiz-Santana S, et al. Serum chloride as a marker of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients: 5-year follow-up study. Nefrologia. 2023;43(Suppl 2):47\u201356.","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2952_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-016-1261-0","volume":"21","author":"S Mandai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mandai S, Kanda E, Iimori S, Naito S, Noda Y, Kikuchi H, et al. Association of serum chloride level with mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease: the CKD-ROUTE study. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2017;21(1):104\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"2952_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101133","volume":"41","author":"L Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou L, Wang X, Zhan X, Feng X, Wang N, Peng F, et al. Serum chloride and mortality in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a multi-center retrospective study. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;41:101133.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"2952_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2026.101441","volume":"8","author":"T Hamashoji","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hamashoji T, Tsuneyoshi S, Okamura K, Yamada S, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, et al. Association of serum chloride concentration with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: the Fukuoka Peritoneal Dialysis Registry. Kidney Med. 2026;8(8):101441.","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2952_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy299","volume":"35","author":"K Kubota","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kubota K, Sakaguchi Y, Hamano T, Oka T, Yamaguchi S, Shimada K, et al. Prognostic value of hypochloremia versus hyponatremia among patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2020;35(6):987\u201394.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"2952_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.11.013","volume":"23","author":"K Berend","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berend K, van Hulsteijn LH, Gans RO. Chloride: the queen of electrolytes? Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23(3):203\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2952_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2014.10.007","volume":"50","author":"Z Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz Z, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Y, Ayd\u0131n FY, Ayd\u0131n E, Kadiro\u011flu AK, Y\u0131lmaz ME, et al. Evaluation of fluid status related parameters in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients: clinical usefulness of bioimpedance analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2014;50(5):269\u201374.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2952_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1159\/000551506","volume":"12","author":"K Okamura","year":"2026","unstructured":"Okamura K, Tsuneyoshi S, Kitamura H, Hamashoji T, Yamada S, Tsuruya K, et al. Associations between the cardiothoracic ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: Fukuoka Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (F-PDR) study. Kidney Dis. 2026;12(1):413\u201323.","journal-title":"Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2952_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2022.0061","volume":"23","author":"K Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han K, Jung I. Restricted mean survival time for survival analysis: a quick guide for clinical researchers. Korean J Radiol. 2022;23(5):495\u20139.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2952_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.05.022","volume":"139","author":"P Ll\u00e0cer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ll\u00e0cer P, Marcos MC, Croset F, Zegr\u00ed-Reiriz I, de la Espriella R, Ord\u00e1s JG, et al. Hypochloremia in chronic and acute heart failure scenarios: prevalence and risk factors. Eur J Intern Med. 2025;139:106357.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2952_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003180","volume":"9","author":"JS Hanberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanberg JS, Rao V, Ter Maaten JM, Laur O, Brisco MA, Perry Wilson F, et al. Hypochloremia and diuretic resistance in heart failure: mechanistic insights. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9(8):e003180.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"9","key":"2952_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103712","volume":"37","author":"IS Edelman","year":"1958","unstructured":"Edelman IS, Leibman J, O\u2019Meara MP, Birkenfeld LW. Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water. J Clin Invest. 1958;37(9):1236\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2952_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae137","volume":"17","author":"Y Gan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gan Y, Nie S, Pang M, Huang R, Xu H, Liu B, et al. Inverse association between serum chloride levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J. 2024;17(8):sfae137.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2952_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002453","volume":"9","author":"JL Grodin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grodin JL, Verbrugge FH, Ellis SG, Mullens W, Testani JM, Tang WH. Importance of abnormal chloride homeostasis in stable chronic heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9(1):e002453.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"2952_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/10.2.258","volume":"10","author":"JE Tattersall","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tattersall JE, Dick C, Doyle S, Greenwood RN, Farrington K. Alkalosis and hypomagnesaemia: unwanted effects of a low-calcium CAPD solution. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(2):258\u201362.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"2952_CR23","first-page":"179","volume":"26","author":"M Arroyo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arroyo M, Fenves AZ, Emmett M. The calcium-alkali syndrome. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2013;26(2):179\u201381.","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2952_CR24","volume":"17","author":"D Turck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turck D, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Kearney J, Knutsen HK, et al. Dietary reference values for chloride. EFSA J. 2019;17(9):e05779.","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2952_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02670.x","volume":"51","author":"J Miyahara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyahara J, Aramaki S, Yokochi K. Dietary chloride deficiency due to new liquid nutritional products. Pediatr Int. 2009;51(2):197\u2013200.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2952_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000515604","volume":"11","author":"FB Rivera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rivera FB, Alfonso P, Golbin JM, Lo K, Lerma E, Volgman AS, et al. The role of serum chloride in acute and chronic heart failure: a narrative review. Cardiorenal Med. 2021;11(2):87\u201398.","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2952_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.07.009","volume":"1802","author":"KT Kahle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kahle KT, Rinehart J, Lifton RP. Phosphoregulation of the Na-K-2Cl and K-Cl cotransporters by the WNK kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1802(12):1150\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2952_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00782.2005","volume":"291","author":"SF Pedersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pedersen SF, O\u2019Donnell ME, Anderson SE, Cala PM. Physiology and pathophysiology of Na+\/H+ exchange and Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransport in the heart, brain, and blood. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006;291(1):R1-25.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"2952_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C967","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1990.258.6.C967","volume":"258","author":"CH Orchard","year":"1990","unstructured":"Orchard CH, Kentish JC. Effects of changes of pH on the contractile function of cardiac muscle. Am J Physiol. 1990;258(6 Pt 1):C967\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2952_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.9.1312","volume":"28","author":"CH Orchard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Orchard CH, Cingolani HE. Acidosis and arrhythmias in cardiac muscle. Cardiovasc Res. 1994;28(9):1312\u20139.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02952-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02952-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02952-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:02:22Z","timestamp":1790557342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02952-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["2952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-026-02952-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1342-1751","1437-7799"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1342-1751","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-7799","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyushu University Hospital (No. 21\u201316) and registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000018902).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained in principle at enrollment in the registry. When written informed consent was not obtained, participation was permitted through an opt-out process via the study website, as approved by the Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}