{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:45:03Z","timestamp":1784828703233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]],"date-time":"2005-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JARO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-005-0010-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,27]],"date-time":"2005-10-27T19:55:25Z","timestamp":1130442925000},"page":"311-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efferent-Mediated Fluctuations in Vestibular Nerve Discharge: A Novel, Positive-Feedback Mechanism of Efferent Control"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Meir","family":"Plotnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Marlinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay M.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.1.182","volume":"60","author":"RA Baird","year":"1988","unstructured":"Baird RA, Desmadryl G, Fern\u00c1ndez C, Goldberg JM. The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. II. Relation between afferent response properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the semicircular canals. J. Neurophysiol. 60:182\u2013203, 1988.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR2","first-page":"369","volume":"25","author":"RHI Blanks","year":"1976","unstructured":"Blanks RHI, Precht W. Functional characterization of primary vestibular afferents in the frog. Exp. Brain Res. 25:369\u2013390, 1976.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-05-01570.1990","volume":"10","author":"R Boyle","year":"1990","unstructured":"Boyle R, Highstein SM. Efferent vestibular system in the toadfish: action upon horizontal semicircular canal afferents. J. Neurosci. 10:1570\u20131582, 1990.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.3.1224","volume":"83","author":"AM Brichta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brichta AM, Goldberg JM. Responses to efferent activation and excitatory response\u2013intensity relations of turtle posterior-crista afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 83:1224\u20131242, 2000.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR5","volume-title":"Renewal Theory","author":"DR Cox","year":"1962","unstructured":"Cox DR. Renewal Theory. Meuthen, London, 1962."},{"key":"10_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"22:RC226","author":"KE Cullen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cullen KE, Minor LB. Semicircular canal afferents similarly encode active and passive head-on-body rotations: implications for the role of vestibular efference. J. Neurosci. 22:RC226, 1\u20137, 2002.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90052-H","volume":"57","author":"JD Dickman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dickman JD, Correia MJ. Bilateral communication between vestibular labyrinths in pigeons. Neuroscience 57:1097\u20131108, 1993.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238792","volume":"33","author":"K Ezure","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ezure K, Schor RH, Yoshida K. The response of horizontal semicircular canal afferents to sinusoidal rotation in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 33:27\u201339, 1978.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.49.3.639","volume":"49","author":"K Ezure","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ezure K, Cohen MS, Wilson VJ. Response of cat semicircular canal afferents to sinusoidal polarizing currents: implications for input\u2013output properties of second-order neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 49:639\u2013648, 1983.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1976.39.5.970","volume":"39","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fern\u00c1ndez C, Goldberg JM. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. I. Response to static tilts and to long-duration centrifugal force. J. Neurophysiol. 39:970\u2013984, 1976.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487409124603","volume":"77","author":"RR Gacek","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gacek RR, Lyon M. The localization of vestibular efferent neurons in the kitten with horseradish peroxidase. Acta Otolaryngol. 77:92\u2013101, 1974.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486409134632","volume":"192","author":"L Gleisner","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gleisner L, Henriksson NG. Efferent and afferent activity pattern in the vestibular nerve of the frog. Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl. 192:90\u2013103, 1964.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl."},{"key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1971.34.4.635","volume":"34","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1971","unstructured":"Goldberg JM, Fern\u00c1ndez C. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey. I. Resting discharge and response to constant angular accelerations. J. Neurophysiol. 34:635\u2013660, 1971.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487509121307","volume":"80","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goldberg JM, Fern\u00c1ndez C. Responses of peripheral vestibular neurons to angular and linear accelerations in the squirrel monkey. Acta Otolaryngol. 80:101\u2013110, 1975.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1980.43.4.986","volume":"43","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1980","unstructured":"Goldberg JM, Fern\u00c1ndez C. Efferent vestibular system in the squirrel monkey: anatomical location and influence on afferent activity. J. Neurophysiol. 43:986\u20131025, 1980.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.51.6.1236","volume":"51","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goldberg JM, Smith CE, Fern\u00c1ndez C. Relation between discharge regularity and responses to externally applied galvanic currents in vestibular nerve afferents of the squirrel monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 51:1236\u20131256, 1984.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR17","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goldberg JM, Brichta AM, Wackym PA. Efferent vestibular system: anatomy, physiology, and neurochemistry. In: Anderson JH, Beitz AJ (eds) Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 61\u201394, 1999."},{"key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584117","volume":"388","author":"R. Hartmann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hartmann R, Klinke R. Efferent activity in the goldfish vestibular nerve and its influence on afferent activity. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. 388:123\u2013128, 1980.","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"10_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(91)90096-H","volume":"12","author":"SM Highstein","year":"1991","unstructured":"Highstein SM. The central nervous system efferent control of the organs of balance and equilibrium. Neurosci. Res. 12:13\u201330, 1991.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.54.2.370","volume":"54","author":"SM. Highstein","year":"1985","unstructured":"Highstein SM, Baker R. Action of the efferent vestibular system on primary afferents in the toadfish, Opsanus tau. J. Neurophysiol. 54:370\u2013384, 1985.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234963","volume":"24","author":"EL Keller","year":"1976","unstructured":"Keller EL. Behavior of horizontal semicircular canal afferents in alert monkey during vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. Exp. Brain Res. 24:459\u2013471, 1976.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-02-00346.1986","volume":"6","author":"SG Lisberger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lisberger SG, Pavelko TA. Vestibular signals carried by pathways subserving plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in monkeys. J.Neurosci. 6:346\u2013354, 1986.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234962","volume":"24","author":"AW Louie","year":"1976","unstructured":"Louie AW, Kimm J. The response of 8th nerve fibers to horizontal sinusoidal oscillation in the alert monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 24:447\u2013457, 1976.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971222)389:3<419::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"389","author":"A Lysakowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lysakowski A, Goldberg JM. A regional ultrastructural analysis of the cellular and synaptic architecture in the chinchilla cristae ampullares. J. Comp. Neurol. 389:419\u2013443, 1997.","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.3.1270","volume":"73","author":"A Lysakowski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lysakowski A, Minor LB, Fern\u00c1ndez C, Goldberg JM. Physiological identification of morphologically distinct afferent classes innervating the cristae ampullares of the squirrel monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 73:1270\u20131281, 1995.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-21567-0_3","volume-title":"The Vestibular System","author":"A Lysakowski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lysakowski A, Goldberg JM. Morphophysiology of the vestibular periphery. In: Highstein SM, Popper A, Fay RR (eds) The Vestibular System. Springer, New York, pp 57\u2013152, 2004."},{"key":"10_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135798","volume":"113","author":"J. Marco","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marco J, Lee W, Suarez C, Hoffman L, Honrubia V. Morphologic and quantitative study of the efferent vestibular system in the chinchilla: 3-D reconstruction. Acta Otolaryngol. 113:229\u2013234, 1993.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-003-4029-7","volume":"5","author":"V Marlinski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marlinski V, Plotnik M, Goldberg JM. Efferent actions in the chinchilla vestibular labyrinth. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 5:126\u2013143, 2004.","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-10-06071.1994","volume":"14","author":"MP McCue","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCue MP, Guinan Jr. JJ Influence of efferent stimulation on acoustically responsive vestibular afferents in the cat. J. Neurosci. 14:6071\u20136083, 1994.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10_CR30","first-page":"229","volume":"39","author":"GE Meredith","year":"1988","unstructured":"Meredith GE. Comparative view of the central organization of afferent and efferent circuitry for the inner ear. Acta Biol. Hung. 39:229\u2013249, 1988.","journal-title":"Acta Biol. Hung."},{"key":"10_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.4.2061","volume":"77","author":"SF Myers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Myers SF, Salem HH, Kaltenbach JA. Efferent neurons and vestibular cross talk in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 77:2061\u20132070, 1997.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90058-6","volume":"280","author":"AA Perachio","year":"1983","unstructured":"Perachio AA, Correia MJ. Responses of semicircular canal and otolith afferents to small angle static head tilts in the gerbil. Brain Res. 280:287\u2013298, 1983.","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR33","first-page":"663","volume":"25","author":"M Plotnik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Plotnik M, Goldberg JM, Marlinski V. Excitatory response\u2013intensity relations in afferents from the chinchilla's superior and horizontal canals. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 25:663, 1999.","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"10_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1234","volume":"88","author":"M Plotnik","year":"2002","unstructured":"Plotnik M, Marlinski V, Goldberg JM. Reflections of efferent activity in rotational responses of chinchilla vestibular afferents. J. Neurophysiol. 88:1234\u20131244, 2002.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234338","volume":"13","author":"W Precht","year":"1971","unstructured":"Precht W, Llin\u00c1s R, Clarke M. Physiological responses of frog vestibular fibers to horizontal angular rotation. Exp. Brain Res. 13:378\u2013407, 1971.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR36","volume-title":"Numerical Recipes in C","author":"WH Press","year":"1992","unstructured":"Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical Recipes in C, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1992.","edition":"2"},{"key":"10_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.6.3234","volume":"78","author":"IM Purcell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Purcell IM, Perachio AA. Three-dimensional analysis of vestibular efferent neurons innervating semicircular canals of the gerbil. J.Neurophysiol. 78:3234\u20133248, 1997.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.57.2.435","volume":"57","author":"BL Roberts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Roberts BL, Russell IJ. The activity of lateral line efferent neurones in stationary and swimming dogfish. J. Exp. Biol. 57:435\u2013448, 1972.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90677-0","volume":"185","author":"ML Rossi","year":"1980","unstructured":"Rossi ML, Prigioni I, Valli P, Casella C. Activation of the efferent system in the isolated frog labyrinth: effects on the afferent EPSPs and spike discharge recorded from single fibres of the posterior nerve. Brain Res. 185:125\u2013137, 1980.","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.54.3.621","volume":"54","author":"IJ Russell","year":"1971","unstructured":"Russell IJ. The role of the lateral-line efferent system in Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol. 54:621\u2013641, 1971.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486309127679","volume":"56","author":"RS Schmidt","year":"1963","unstructured":"Schmidt RS. Frog labyrinthine efferent impulses. Acta Otolaryngol. 56:51\u201364,1963.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337114","volume":"54","author":"CE Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith CE, Goldberg JM. A stochastic afterhyperpolarization model of repetitive activity in vestibular afferents. Biol. Cybern. 54:41\u201351, 1986.","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"key":"10_CR43","volume-title":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering","author":"SH Strogatz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Strogatz SH. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994."},{"key":"10_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198170","volume":"169","author":"TC Tricas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tricas TC, Highstein SM. Action of the octavolateralis efferent system upon the lateral line of free-swimming toadfish, Opsanus tau. J. Comp. Physiol. A Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. 169:25\u201337, 1991.","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol., A Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"10_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901610203","volume":"161","author":"WB Warr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Warr WB. Olivocochlear and vestibular efferent neurons of the feline brain stem: their location, morphology and number determined by retrograde axonal transport and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. J. Comp. Neurol. 161:159\u2013181, 1975.","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10_CR46","volume-title":"Spikes, Decisions, and Actions : The Dynamical Foundations of Neuroscience","author":"HR Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson HR. Spikes, Decisions, and Actions: The Dynamical Foundations of Neuroscience. Oxford University Press,New York,1999."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10162-005-0010-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10162-005-0010-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10162-005-0010-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T22:36:57Z","timestamp":1626647817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10162-005-0010-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10162-005-0010-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-3961","1438-7573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-3961","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-7573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,28]]}}}