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In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about tinnitus management with a particular focus on the translation into clinical practice. In the first section, we analyze shortcomings, knowledge gaps, and challenges in the field of tinnitus research. Then, we highlight the relevance of the diagnostic process to account for tinnitus heterogeneity and to identify all relevant aspects of the tinnitus in an individual patient, such as etiological aspects, pathophysiological mechanisms, factors that contribute most to suffering, and comorbidities. In the next section, we review available treatment options, including counselling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), hearing aids and cochlear implants for patients with a relevant hearing loss, sound generators, novel auditory stimulation approaches, tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), pharmacological treatment, neurofeedback, brain stimulation, bimodal stimulation, Internet- and app-based digital approaches, and alternative treatment approaches. The evidence for the effectiveness of the various treatment interventions varies considerably. We also discuss differences in current respective guideline recommendations and close with a discussion of how current pathophysiological knowledge, latest scientific evidence, and patient perspectives can be translated in patient-centered care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-024-00960-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T12:02:16Z","timestamp":1723550536000},"page":"413-425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Current State of Tinnitus Diagnosis and Treatment: a Multidisciplinary Expert Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kleinjung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schecklmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7066-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Langguth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"960_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","volume":"79","author":"CM Jarach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jarach CM et al (2022) Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Kleinjung received honoraria for consultancy and speaker\u2019s fees from Sonova and Schwabe and travel and accommodation payments from Cochlear. His research was funded from the Tinnitus Research Initiative, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the European Union, the Zurich Hearing Foundation, and Cochlear. N. Peter received travel and accommodation payments from Cochlear. Her research is funded from the Zurich Hearing Foundation. M. Schecklmann received honoraria for consultancy, reports, and speakers\u2019 fees from Aureliym, MAG & More, Medical Tribune, Neuromod, and Schwabe; research funding from the Tinnitus Research Initiative, the German Research Foundation, the German Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung, the American Tinnitus Association, Neuromod, and the European Union; and funding for equipment from MagVenture, MAG & More, NeuroCare, and Deymed Diagnostic. B. Langguth received honoraria for consultancy and speakers\u2019 fees from ANM, AstraZeneca, Autifony Therapeutics, Decibel Therapeutics, Desyncra, Gerson Lehrman Group, Lundbeck, Merz, MagVenture, Medical Tribune, Neurolite, Neuromod, Novartis, Pfizer, Rovi, Schwabe, Sea Pharma, Servier, Sonova, and Sound Therapeutics; research funding from the Tinnitus Research Initiative, Bayhost, the German Research Foundation, the German Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung, the American Tinnitus Association, AstraZeneca, cerbomed, Neuromod, and the European Union; funding for equipment from MagVenture and Deymed Diagnostic; and travel and accommodation payments from Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Servier, and Pfizer. He owns shares of Sea Pharma.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}