{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:54:33Z","timestamp":1791262473556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001718","name":"Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["918-17-603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["918-17-603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-0060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-0060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006589","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Croatia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DIGIT.1.2.03.019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIGIT.1.2.03.019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JARO"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The relative contributions of spectral and temporal cues to voice pitch perception in cochlear implant (CI) users remain unclear. This study aimed to directly quantify these contributions in dynamic speech stimuli with clinical\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -of-\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      processors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fundamental frequency (F0) discrimination was measured using consonant\u2013vowel triplets in two experiments. Sixteen (eight female) postlingually deaf adult CI users with\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -of-\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      strategies participated in experiment 1 (F0 range 76\u2013242\u00a0Hz). Five (three female) also participated in experiment 2 (F0 range 242\u2013768\u00a0Hz). Stimuli were presented acoustically or via direct stimulation. For the latter, pulse patterns were recorded in advance using the participants\u2019 own settings and modified to suppress temporal or spectral cues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In experiment 1, temporal suppression drastically decreased F0 discrimination. Spectral suppression decreased the F0 discrimination of only some participants, while spectral and temporal suppression combined decreased performance further. Conversely, in experiment 2, spectral suppression caused a drop in F0 discrimination while temporal suppression had no effect. Analysis of the unaltered stimuli showed that with increasing F0, temporal cues decreased and spectral cues increased in availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel prerecording and streaming method effectively combines realistic stimulation patterns with precise control at the pulse level. Our results indicate that in voice pitch discrimination, postlingually deafened adult CI users rely predominantly on the most available cue, which depends on the F0. Temporal cues dominate when discriminating F0s within the typical male to female voice range, while spectral cues tend to dominate within the typical female to child voice range.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-026-01073-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:01:36Z","timestamp":1791212496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Weighting of Spectral and Temporal Cues with n-of-m Cochlear Implant Strategies Depends on Voice Pitch"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2955-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floris","family":"Rotteveel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Maat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Kova\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina A. J.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Ba\u015fkent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Gaudrain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0012825","volume":"2","author":"F-G Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng F-G (2022) Celebrating the one millionth cochlear implant. JASA Express Letters 2:077201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0012825","journal-title":"JASA Express Letters"},{"key":"1073_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28958-5_7","volume-title":"Pitch: neural coding and perception","author":"BCJ Moore","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moore BCJ, Carlyon RP (2005) Perception of pitch by people with cochlear hearing loss and by cochlear implant users. In: Plack CJ, Fay RR, Oxenham AJ, Popper AN (eds) Pitch: neural coding and perception. Springer, New York, NY, pp 234\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-28958-5_7"},{"key":"1073_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000863","volume":"41","author":"MK Everhardt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Everhardt MK, Sarampalis A, Coler M, Ba\u015fkent D, Lowie W (2020) Meta-analysis on the identification of linguistic and emotional prosody in cochlear implant users and vocoder simulations. Ear Hear 41:1092\u20131102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000863","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"1073_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1772399","volume":"116","author":"GS Stickney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stickney GS, Zeng F-G, Litovsky R, Assmann P (2004) Cochlear implant speech recognition with speech maskers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116:1081\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1772399","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"1073_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5087693","volume":"145","author":"N El Boghdady","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Boghdady N, Gaudrain E, Ba\u015fkent D (2019) Does good perception of vocal characteristics relate to better speech-on-speech intelligibility for cochlear implant users? The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145:417\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.5087693","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"1073_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.11.004","volume":"235","author":"M Chatterjee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chatterjee M, Peng S-C (2008) Processing F0 with cochlear implants: modulation frequency discrimination and speech intonation recognition. Hear Res 235:143\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2007.11.004","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0039570","volume":"158","author":"HJ Wheeler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wheeler HJ, Winn MB (2025) Development and validation of a procedure to test perception of speech prosody in listeners with cochlear implants. J Acoust Soc Am 158:2916\u20132930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0039570","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000980","volume":"37","author":"A He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He A, Deroche ML, Doong J, Jiradejvong P, Limb CJ (2016) Mandarin tone identification in cochlear implant users using exaggerated pitch contours. Otol Neurotol 37:324\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000980","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"1073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.10.003","volume":"322","author":"M Chatterjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chatterjee M, Zion DJ, Deroche ML, Burianek BA, Limb CJ, Goren AP, Kulkarni AM, Christensen JA (2015) Voice emotion recognition by cochlear-implanted children and their normally-hearing peers. Hear Res 322:151\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2014.10.003","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.08.009","author":"S Paquette","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paquette S (2018) Musical and vocal emotion perception for cochlear implants users. Hear Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2018.08.009","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480601002112","volume":"127","author":"L Lassaletta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lassaletta L, Castro A, Bastarrica M, P\u00e9rez-Mora R, Madero R, De Sarri\u00e1 J, Gavil\u00e1n J (2007) Does music perception have an impact on quality of life following cochlear implantation? Acta Otolaryngol 127:682\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016480601002112","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1073_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuller CD, Mallinckrodt L, Maat B, Baskent D, Free R (2013) Music and quality of life in early-deafened late-implanted adult cochlear implant users. Otol Neurotol 34(6):1041\u20131047. https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/otology-neurotology\/Fulltext\/2013\/08000\/Music_and_Quality_of_Life_in_Early_Deafened.12.aspx","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31828f47dd"},{"key":"1073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2017.1303892","volume":"18","author":"G Dritsakis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dritsakis G, van Besouw RM, O\u2019 Meara A (2017) Impact of music on the quality of life of cochlear implant users: a focus group study. Cochlear Implants Int 18:207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14670100.2017.1303892","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"1073_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001410","volume":"45","author":"MK Everhardt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Everhardt MK, Jung DE, Stiensma B, Lowie W, Ba\u015fkent D, Sarampalis A (2024) Foreign language acquisition in adolescent cochlear implant users. Ear Hear 45:174\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001410","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"1073_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2022.108583","volume":"424","author":"SRS Bissmeyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bissmeyer SRS, Goldsworthy RL (2022) Combining place and rate of stimulation improves frequency discrimination in cochlear implant users. Hear Res 424:108583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2022.108583","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00061-6","volume":"121","author":"A Kral","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kral A, Hartmann R, Mortazavi D, Klinke R (1998) Spatial resolution of cochlear implants: the electrical field and excitation of auditory afferents. Hear Res 121:11\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-5955(98)00061-6","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR17","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Scientific foundations of audiology: perspectives from physics, biology, modeling, and medicine","author":"D Baskent","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baskent D, Gaudrain E, Tamati TN, Wagner A (2016) Perception and psychoacoustics of speech in cochlear implant users. In: Cacace AT, de Kleine E, Holt AG, van Dijk P (eds) Scientific foundations of audiology: perspectives from physics, biology, modeling, and medicine. Plural Publishing, Inc, San Diego, CA, pp 285\u2013319"},{"key":"1073_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-021-00828-w","volume":"23","author":"RL Goldsworthy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldsworthy RL, Bissmeyer SRS, Camarena A (2022) Advantages of pulse rate compared to modulation frequency for temporal pitch perception in cochlear implant users. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 23:137\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10162-021-00828-w","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1073_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0314)","volume":"57","author":"VG Skuk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skuk VG, Schweinberger SR (2014) Influences of fundamental frequency, formant frequencies, aperiodicity, and spectrum level on the perception of voice gender. J Speech Lang Hear Res 57:285\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0314)","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1823311","volume":"116","author":"J Laneau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laneau J, Wouters J, Moonen M (2004) Relative contributions of temporal and place pitch cues to fundamental frequency discrimination in cochlear implantees. J Acoust Soc Am 116:3606\u20133619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1823311","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1874632","volume":"117","author":"AE Vandali","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vandali AE, Sucher C, Tsang DJ, McKay CM, Chew JWD, McDermott HJ (2005) Pitch ranking ability of cochlear implant recipients: a comparison of sound-processing strategies. J Acoust Soc Am 117:3126\u20133138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1874632","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1785611","volume":"116","author":"T Green","year":"2004","unstructured":"Green T, Faulkner A, Rosen S (2004) Enhancing temporal cues to voice pitch in continuous interleaved sampling cochlear implants. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116:2298\u20132310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1785611","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"1073_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1925827","volume":"118","author":"T Green","year":"2005","unstructured":"Green T, Faulkner A, Rosen S, Macherey O (2005) Enhancement of temporal periodicity cues in cochlear implants: effects on prosodic perception and vowel identification. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118:375\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1925827","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"1073_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000627","volume":"40","author":"A Vandali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vandali A, Dawson P, Au A, Yu Y, Brown M, Goorevich M, Cowan R (2019) Evaluation of the optimized pitch and language strategy in cochlear implant recipients. Ear Hear 40:555\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000627","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"1073_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1642623","volume":"115","author":"L Geurts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Geurts L, Wouters J (2004) Better place-coding of the fundamental frequency in cochlear implants. J Acoust Soc Am 115:844\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1642623","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000480","volume":"39","author":"E Gaudrain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaudrain E, Ba\u015fkent D (2018) Discrimination of voice pitch and vocal-tract length in cochlear implant users. Ear Hear 39:226\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000480","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"1073_CR27","unstructured":"Reiss LAJ, Sanders H, Dean N, McTaggart C, Fu Q-J, Landsberger DM, Galvin III JJ, Chatterjee M (2025) Weighting of place and temporal envelope cues for pitch, music, and emotion perception with cochlear implants. Conference presentation. CIAP2025, Lake Tahoe, CA, USA. https:\/\/ciaphome.org. Accessed 21 Nov 2025"},{"key":"1073_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099509071918","volume":"34","author":"AJ Bosman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bosman AJ, Smoorenburg GF (1995) Intelligibility of Dutch CVC syllables and sentences for listeners with normal hearing and with three types of hearing impairment. Audiology 34:260\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00206099509071918","journal-title":"Audiology"},{"key":"1073_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dinh T, Kain A, Tjaden K (2019) Using a manifold vocoder for spectral voice and style conversion. In: Interspeech 2019, ISCA, pp. 1388\u20131392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21437\/Interspeech.2019-1176","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2019-1176"},{"key":"1073_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.2015EDP7457","volume":"E99.D","author":"M Morise","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morise M, Yokomori F, Ozawa K (2016) WORLD: a vocoder-based high-quality speech synthesis system for real-time applications. IEICE Trans Inf Syst E99.D:1877\u20131884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/transinf.2015EDP7457","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Inf Syst"},{"key":"1073_CR31","unstructured":"Acoustical Society of America (2004) ANSI S3.6\u20132004, American national standard specification for audiometers"},{"key":"1073_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/51.740962","volume":"18","author":"PC Loizou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Loizou PC (1999) Introduction to cochlear implants. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 18:32\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/51.740962","journal-title":"IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag"},{"key":"1073_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.11.009","volume":"322","author":"BS Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson BS (2015) Getting a decent (but sparse) signal to the brain for users of cochlear implants. Hear Res 322:24\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2014.11.009","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0660-4","volume":"23","author":"C Keysers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keysers C, Gazzola V, Wagenmakers E-J (2020) Using Bayes factor hypothesis testing in neuroscience to establish evidence of absence. Nat Neurosci 23:788\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-0660-4","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1073_CR35","volume-title":"Theory of probability.","author":"H Jeffreys","year":"1961","unstructured":"Jeffreys H (1961) Theory of probability, 3d ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford","edition":"3d ed"},{"key":"1073_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139087759","volume-title":"Bayesian cognitive modeling: a practical course","author":"MD Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee MD, Wagenmakers E-J (2014) Bayesian cognitive modeling: a practical course. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139087759"},{"key":"1073_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912375","volume":"49","author":"H Levitt","year":"1971","unstructured":"Levitt H (1971) Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. J Acoust Soc Am 49:467\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1912375","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4730893","volume":"132","author":"P Keating","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keating P, Kuo G (2012) Comparison of speaking fundamental frequency in English and Mandarin. J Acoust Soc Am 132:1050\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4730893","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5027246","volume":"143","author":"BCJ Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore BCJ, Jervis M, Harries L, Schlittenlacher J (2018) Testing and refining a loudness model for time-varying sounds incorporating binaural inhibition. J Acoust Soc Am 143:1504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.5027246","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1121\/1.395554","volume":"82","author":"B Townshend","year":"1987","unstructured":"Townshend B, Cotter N, Van Compernolle D, White RL (1987) Pitch perception by cochlear implant subjects. J Acoust Soc Am 82:106\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.395554","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3068457","volume":"125","author":"Y-Y Kong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kong Y-Y, Deeks JM, Axon PR, Carlyon RP (2009) Limits of temporal pitch in cochlear implants. J Acoust Soc Am 125:1649\u20131657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3068457","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.05.004","volume":"302","author":"A Vandali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vandali A, Sly D, Cowan R, van Hoesel R (2013) Pitch and loudness matching of unmodulated and modulated stimuli in cochlear implantees. Hear Res 302:32\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2013.05.004","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1073_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3372713","volume":"127","author":"Y-Y Kong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kong Y-Y, Carlyon RP (2010) Temporal pitch perception at high rates in cochlear implants. J Acoust Soc Am 127:3114\u20133123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.3372713","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-022-00854-2","volume":"23","author":"D Kova\u010di\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kova\u010di\u0107 D, James CJ (2022) Stimulation rate and voice pitch perception in cochlear implants. JARO 23:665\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10162-022-00854-2","journal-title":"JARO"},{"key":"1073_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4931910","volume":"138","author":"CA Fielden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fielden CA, Kluk K, Boyle PJ, McKay CM (2015) The perception of complex pitch in cochlear implants: a comparison of monopolar and tripolar stimulation. J Acoust Soc Am 138:2524\u20132536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.4931910","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"1073_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211030166","volume":"25","author":"W Nogueira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nogueira W, Boghdady NE, Langner F, Gaudrain E, Ba\u015fkent D (2021) Effect of channel interaction on vocal cue perception in cochlear implant users. Trends Hear 25:23312165211030166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23312165211030166","journal-title":"Trends Hear"},{"key":"1073_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harding EE, Gaudrain E, Tillmann B, Maat B, Harris RL, Free RH, Ba\u015fkent D (2025) Vocal and musical emotion perception, voice cue discrimination, and quality of life in cochlear implant users with and without acoustic hearing. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17470218251316499","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218251316499"},{"key":"1073_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139546","volume":"10","author":"JJ Galvin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galvin JJ, Oba SI, Ba\u015fkent D, Chatterjee M, Fu Q-J (2015) Envelope interactions in multi-channel amplitude modulation frequency discrimination by cochlear implant users. PLoS ONE 10:e0139546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139546","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1073_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/531213","volume":"2009","author":"W Nogueira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nogueira W, Litvak L, Edler B, Ostermann J, B\u00fcchner A (2009) Signal processing strategies for cochlear implants using current steering. EURASIP J Adv Signal Process 2009:531213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/531213","journal-title":"EURASIP J Adv Signal Process"},{"key":"1073_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001489","volume":"45","author":"L Nagels","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nagels L, Gaudrain E, Vickers D, Hendriks P, Ba\u015fkent D (2024) Prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants show better perception of voice cues and speech in competing speech than postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implants. Ear Hear 45:952\u2013968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001489","journal-title":"Ear Hear"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10162-026-01073-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10162-026-01073-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10162-026-01073-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1791260981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10162-026-01073-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["1073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10162-026-01073-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-7573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-7573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the central ethics committee of the University Medical Center Groningen (CTc 2023\u201317763). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Author CJ is an employee of Cochlear France SAS who market nucleus cochlear implants. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"ChatGPT (GPT-5.5 and OpenAI) and Le Chat (Mistral Large and Mistral AI) were used for aiding literature search, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript. GitHub Copilot (Microsoft) was used in the programming of the experiment code. The authors take responsibility for the integrity of the content generated.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Use of AI","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}