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The effect of RCT on central neuromuscular control mechanisms of the shoulder girdle muscles such as the deltoideus muscle (DM), a key muscle of shoulder function, has as not yet been studied in detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the corticospinal excitability of the DM to assess the effects of RCT on the central neuromuscular function of proximal upper limb muscles. The motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation of DM on both sides were obtained from patients with unilateral RCT and compared with healthy control subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients, stimulus response curves of DM demonstrated a bilateral hyperexcitability at rest and a hypoexcitability during voluntary activation (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.82,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DM hyperexcitability may be related to alterations in the sensory output from the shoulder. The insufficient facilitation of the DM points toward a bilateral central activation deficit. These findings seem to be assigned to adaptive changes in the motor cortex as a consequence of chronic RCT, and the neuromuscular alteration of the DM should be considered when treating patients with RCT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-009-0061-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]],"date-time":"2009-08-18T15:25:27Z","timestamp":1250609127000},"page":"135-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Central neuromuscular dysfunction of the deltoid muscle in patients with chronic rotator cuff tears"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Berth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9za","family":"Pap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Awiszus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"61_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s001320050534","volume":"29","author":"F Gohlke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gohlke F (2000) Biomechanics of the shoulder. 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