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Foot deformities, including the common<jats:italic>pes cavus<\/jats:italic>, but also hammer toes and twisting of the ankle, are frequently present in patients with hereditary peripheral neuropathy, and often represent one of the first signs of the disease.<jats:italic>Pes cavus<\/jats:italic>in hereditary peripheral neuropathies is caused by imbalance between the intrinsic muscles of the foot and the muscles of the leg. Accurate clinical evaluation in patients with<jats:italic>pes cavus<\/jats:italic>is necessary to exclude or confirm the presence of peripheral neuropathy. Hereditary peripheral neuropathies should be suspected in those cases with bilateral foot deformities, in the presence of family history for<jats:italic>pes cavus<\/jats:italic>and\/or gait impairment, and in the presence of neurological symptoms or signs, such as distal muscle hypotrophy of limbs. Herein, we review the hereditary peripheral neuropathies in which<jats:italic>pes cavus<\/jats:italic>plays a key role as a \u201cspy sign,\u201d discussing the clinical and molecular features of these disorders to highlight the importance of<jats:italic>pes cavus<\/jats:italic>as a helpful clinical sign in these rare diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-010-0114-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,20]],"date-time":"2010-10-20T12:14:27Z","timestamp":1287576867000},"page":"195-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pes cavus and hereditary neuropathies: when a relationship should be suspected"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Piazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Caldarazzo Ienco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Carlesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Volpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196850050-00005","volume":"50","author":"LM Japas","year":"1968","unstructured":"Japas LM (1968) Surgical treatment of pes cavus by tarsal v-osteotomy: preliminary report. 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