{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T04:22:56Z","timestamp":1774326176374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,29]],"date-time":"2013-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380412800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthopaed Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-013-0270-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]],"date-time":"2013-09-28T13:08:09Z","timestamp":1380373689000},"page":"147-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Rigid intramedullary nail fixation of femoral fractures in adolescents: what evidence is available?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"D. S.","family":"Angadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. E. T.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Vadivelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(90)90085-9","volume":"21","author":"Y Sahlin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sahlin Y (1990) Occurrence of fractures in a defined population: a 1-year study. Injury 21(3):158\u2013160","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31948-9","volume":"25","author":"D McCartney","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCartney D, Hinton A, Heinrich SD (1994) Operative stabilization of pediatric femur fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 25(4):635\u2013650","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00007","volume":"81","author":"RY Hinton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hinton RY et al (1999) Fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Incidence, mechanisms, and sociodemographic risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81(4):500\u2013509","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199207000-00016","volume":"12","author":"A Nafei","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nafei A et al (1992) Femoral shaft fractures in children: an epidemiological study in a Danish urban population, 1977\u201386. J Pediatr Orthop 12(4):499\u2013502","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1064","volume":"115","author":"A Rewers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rewers A et al (2005) Childhood femur fractures, associated injuries, and sociodemographic risk factors: a population-based study. Pediatrics 115(5):e543\u2013e552","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B8.14810","volume":"86","author":"S Bridgman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bridgman S, Wilson R (2004) Epidemiology of femoral fractures in children in the West Midlands region of England 1991 to 2001. J Bone Joint Surg Br 86(8):1152\u20131157","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"270_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.12.018","volume":"36","author":"JB Hunter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hunter JB (2005) Femoral shaft fractures in children. Injury 36(Suppl 1):A86\u2013A93","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198601000-00010","volume":"6","author":"R Hedlund","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hedlund R, Lindgren U (1986) The incidence of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Orthop 6(1):47\u201350","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"270_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201108000-00003","volume":"19","author":"HS Hosalkar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hosalkar HS et al (2011) Intramedullary nailing of pediatric femoral shaft fracture. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 19(8):472\u2013481","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dameron TB Jr, Thompson HA (1959) Femoral-shaft fractures in children. Treatment by closed reduction and double spica cast immobilization. J Bone Joint Surg Am 41-A:1201\u20131212","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195941070-00004"},{"issue":"8","key":"270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00137","volume":"92","author":"MS Kocher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kocher MS et al (2010) American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline on treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(8):1790\u20131792","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"270_CR12","first-page":"648","volume":"20","author":"RW Poolman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poolman RW, Kocher MS, Bhandari M (2006) Pediatric femoral fractures: a systematic review of 2422 cases. J Orthop Trauma 20(9):648\u2013654","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199212000-00011","volume":"6","author":"SD Heinrich","year":"1992","unstructured":"Heinrich SD et al (1992) Stabilization of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures with flexible intramedullary nails (a technique paper). J Orthop Trauma 6(4):452\u2013459","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199403000-00010","volume":"14","author":"RD Galpin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Galpin RD, Willis RB, Sabano N (1994) Intramedullary nailing of pediatric femoral fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 14(2):184\u2013189","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"11","key":"270_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199411000-00014","volume":"76","author":"RA Mileski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mileski RA, Garvin KL, Crosby LA (1994) Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in an adolescent following intramedullary nailing of the femur. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 76(11):1706\u20131708","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"270_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buford D Jr, Christensen K, Weatherall P (1998) Intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures in adolescents. Clin Orthop Relat Res 350:85\u201389","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199805000-00012"},{"issue":"7","key":"270_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00018","volume":"77","author":"DJ Astion","year":"1995","unstructured":"Astion DJ, Wilber JH, Scoles PV (1995) Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis after intramedullary nailing for a fracture of the femoral shaft. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77(7):1092\u20131094","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR18","first-page":"97","volume":"6","author":"JM Buckaloo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buckaloo JM, Iwinski HJ, Bertrand SL (1997) Avascular necrosis of the femoral head after intramedullary nailing of a femoral shaft fracture in a male adolescent. J South Orthop Assoc 6(2):97\u2013100","journal-title":"J South Orthop Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B2.7706343","volume":"77","author":"P Gonzalez-Herranz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Herranz P et al (1995) Intramedullary nailing of the femur in children. Effects on its proximal end. J Bone Joint Surg Br 77(2):262\u2013266","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199307000-00018","volume":"13","author":"EM Raney","year":"1993","unstructured":"Raney EM, Ogden JA, Grogan DP (1993) Premature greater trochanteric epiphysiodesis secondary to intramedullary femoral rodding. J Pediatr Orthop 13(4):516\u2013520","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"270_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon JE et al (2004) Intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures in children through the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter using a modified rigid humeral intramedullary nail: preliminary results of a new technique in 15 children. J Orthop Trauma. 18(7):416\u2013422; discussion 423\u2013424","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200408000-00004"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181a53b59","volume":"29","author":"KA Keeler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keeler KA et al (2009) Antegrade intramedullary nailing of pediatric femoral fractures using an interlocking pediatric femoral nail and a lateral trochanteric entry point. J Pediatr Orthop 29(4):345\u2013351","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200101000-00003","volume":"21","author":"JM Flynn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flynn JM et al (2001) Titanium elastic nails for pediatric femur fractures: a multicenter study of early results with analysis of complications. J Pediatr Orthop 21(1):4\u20138","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198405000-00011","volume":"24","author":"I Ziv","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ziv I, Blackburn N, Rang M (1984) Femoral intramedullary nailing in the growing child. J Trauma 24(5):432\u2013434","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00186377","volume":"17","author":"JI Maruenda-Paulino","year":"1993","unstructured":"Maruenda-Paulino JI et al (1993) Kuntscher nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents. Int Orthop 17(3):158\u2013161","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"270_CR26","unstructured":"Edgren W (1965) Coxa plana. A clinical and radiological investigation with particular reference to the importance of the metaphyseal changes for the final shape of the proximal part of the femur. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 84:1\u2013129"},{"key":"270_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds RAK, Legakis JE, Thomas R, Slongo TF, Hunter JB, Clavert J-M (2012) Intramedullary nails for pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures in older, heavier children: early results. J Child Orthop 6:181\u2013188","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0404-4"},{"key":"270_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200007000-00016","volume":"376","author":"DR Townsend","year":"2000","unstructured":"Townsend DR, Hoffinger S (2000) Intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children via the trochanter tip. Clin Orthop Relat Res 376:113\u2013118","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"270_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318237b2eb","volume":"25","author":"TA Russell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Russell TA (2011) Intramedullary nailing: evolutions of femoral intramedullary nailing: first to fourth generations. J Orthop Trauma 25(Suppl 3):S135\u2013S138","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"270_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuntscher GB (1958) The Kuntscher method of intramedullary fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 40-A(1):17\u201326","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195840010-00002"},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198901000-00006","volume":"9","author":"WA Herndon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Herndon WA et al (1989) Management of femoral shaft fractures in the adolescent. J Pediatr Orthop 9(1):29\u201332","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199308000-00008","volume":"7","author":"LA Timmerman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Timmerman LA, Rab GT (1993) Intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in adolescents. J Orthop Trauma 7(4):331\u2013337","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"270_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199009000-00004","volume":"10","author":"RB Reeves","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reeves RB, Ballard RI, Hughes JL (1990) Internal fixation versus traction and casting of adolescent femoral shaft fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 10(5):592\u2013595","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"270_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01735","volume":"92","author":"LE Ramseier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ramseier LE et al (2010) Femoral fractures in adolescents: a comparison of four methods of fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(5):1122\u20131129","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"270_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181558b00","volume":"27","author":"LE Ramseier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramseier LE et al (2007) Treatment of open femur fractures in children: comparison between external fixator and intramedullary nailing. J Pediatr Orthop 27(7):748\u2013750","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199903000-00017","volume":"19","author":"AA Stans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stans AA, Morrissy RT, Renwick SE (1999) Femoral shaft fracture treatment in patients age 6 to 16\u00a0years. J Pediatr Orthop 19(2):222\u2013228","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR37","first-page":"293","volume":"9","author":"L Valdiserri","year":"1983","unstructured":"Valdiserri L, Marchiodi L, Rubbini L (1983) Kuntscher nailing in the treatment of femoral fractures in children. Is it completely contraindicated? Ital J Orthop Traumatol 9(3):293\u2013296","journal-title":"Ital J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR38","first-page":"275","volume":"29","author":"CC Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu CC, Tai CL (2006) A biomechanical comparison of unlocked or locked reamed intramedullary nails in the treatment of mid-third simple transverse femoral shaft fractures. Chang Gung Med J 29(3):275\u2013282","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"270_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199203000-00039","volume":"276","author":"AB Bankston","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bankston AB, Keating EM, Saha S (1992) The biomechanical evaluation of intramedullary nails in distal femoral shaft fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 276:277\u2013282","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"270_CR40","unstructured":"Rabenseifner L, Hirasawa Y (1987) A comparative study of biomechanical property of Kuntscher nail and Otte\u2013Plansee nail. Nihon Geka Hokan 56(3):304\u2013312"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200203000-00015","volume":"52","author":"M Letts","year":"2002","unstructured":"Letts M et al (2002) Complications of rigid intramedullary rodding of femoral shaft fractures in children. J Trauma 52(3):504\u2013516","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"270_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanellopoulos AD, Yiannakopoulos CK, Soucacos PN (2006) Closed, locked intramedullary nailing of pediatric femoral shaft fractures through the tip of the greater trochanter. J Trauma 60(1):217\u2013222; discussion 222\u2013223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000199913.02341.d6"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199403000-00009","volume":"14","author":"JH Beaty","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beaty JH et al (1994) Interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral-shaft fractures in adolescents: preliminary results and complications. J Pediatr Orthop 14(2):178\u2013183","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"270_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199605030-00011","volume":"5","author":"SV Skak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Skak SV et al (1996) Internal fixation of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents: a ten- to twenty-one-year follow-up of 52 fractures. J Pediatr Orthop B 5(3):195\u2013199","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"6","key":"270_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20010601-11","volume":"24","author":"PJ Tortolani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tortolani PJ et al (2001) Tibial nails for femoral shaft fractures in adolescents: \u201coff-label\u201d usage. Orthopedics 24(6):553\u2013557","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"6","key":"270_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.10.032","volume":"43","author":"KC Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park KC et al (2012) Intramedullary nailing versus submuscular plating in adolescent femoral fracture. Injury 43(6):870\u2013875","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"270_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31818e64a1","volume":"28","author":"L Jencikova-Celerin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jencikova-Celerin L et al (2008) Flexible interlocked nailing of pediatric femoral fractures: experience with a new flexible interlocking intramedullary nail compared with other fixation procedures. J Pediatr Orthop 28(8):864\u2013873","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198110000-00010","volume":"1","author":"RM Kirby","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kirby RM, Winquist RA, Hansen ST Jr (1981) Femoral shaft fractures in adolescents: a comparison between traction plus cast treatment and closed intramedullary nailing. J Pediatr Orthop 1(2):193\u2013197","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"270_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1053\/j.oto.2009.03.007","volume":"19","author":"RD Blasier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blasier RD (2009) Surgical technique for adolescent femur fractures: the trochanteric entry intramedullary nail. Oper Tech Orthop 19(1):24\u201330","journal-title":"Oper Tech Orthop"},{"issue":"10","key":"270_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17517","volume":"88","author":"LA Moroz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moroz LA et al (2006) Titanium elastic nailing of fractures of the femur in children. Predictors of complications and poor outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88(10):1361\u20131366","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"12","key":"270_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02019","volume":"87","author":"AI Leet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leet AI, Pichard CP, Ain MC (2005) Surgical treatment of femoral fractures in obese children: does excessive body weight increase the rate of complications? J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(12):2609\u20132613","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2012.53.2.408","volume":"53","author":"H Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park H, Kim HW (2012) Treatment of femoral shaft fracture with an interlocking humeral nail in older children and adolescents. Yonsei Med J 53(2):408\u2013415","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"270_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez Dell\u2019Oca AA (2002) The principle of helical implants. Unusual ideas worth considering. Injury 33 Suppl 1:SA1\u2013SA27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(02)00064-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181bedcc1","volume":"24","author":"ML Prasarn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prasarn ML et al (2010) The effect of entry point on malalignment and iatrogenic fracture with the Synthes lateral entry femoral nail. J Orthop Trauma 24(4):224\u2013229","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182172613","volume":"31","author":"JA MacNeil","year":"2011","unstructured":"MacNeil JA, Francis A, El-Hawary R (2011) A systematic review of rigid, locked, intramedullary nail insertion sites and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the skeletally immature. J Pediatr Orthop 31(4):377\u2013380","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"270_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31826bb0ba","volume":"32","author":"DJ Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller DJ et al (2012) Locked intramedullary nailing in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children younger than 12\u00a0years of age: indications and preliminary report of outcomes. J Pediatr Orthop 32(8):777\u2013780","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"270_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200408000-00003","volume":"18","author":"KA Egol","year":"2004","unstructured":"Egol KA et al (2004) Mismatch of current intramedullary nails with the anterior bow of the femur. J Orthop Trauma 18(7):410\u2013415","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"270_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000253108.20460.70","volume":"20","author":"LW Ehmke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ehmke LW et al (2006) Femoral nailing through the trochanter: the reamer pathway indicates a helical nail shape. J Orthop Trauma 20(10):668\u2013674","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"270_CR59","unstructured":"Ogden JA (1981) Hip development and vascularity: relationship to chondro-osseous trauma in the growing child. Hip 139\u2013187"},{"issue":"2","key":"270_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200702000-00004","volume":"15","author":"MR Bong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bong MR et al (2007) Intramedullary nailing of the lower extremity: biomechanics and biology. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 15(2):97\u2013106","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"270_CR61","unstructured":"Synthes GmbH (2012) Expert Adolescent Lateral FemoralNail: technique guide. http:\/\/www.synthes.com\/MediaBin\/International%20DATA\/036.000.648.pdf . Accessed 1 Aug 2012"},{"key":"270_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000163463.05141.1c","volume":"434","author":"JH Beaty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beaty JH (2005) Operative treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents. Clin Orthop Relat Res 434:114\u2013122","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"270_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200911000-00006","volume":"17","author":"MS Kocher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kocher MS et al (2009) Treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 17(11):718\u2013725","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"270_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200409000-00009","volume":"12","author":"JM Flynn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flynn JM, Schwend RM (2004) Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 12(5):347\u2013359","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"270_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e468","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130327-24","volume":"36","author":"LJ Patman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patman LJ, Szalay EA (2013) Relative osteopenia after femoral implant removal in children and adolescents. Orthopedics 36(4):e468\u2013e472","journal-title":"Orthopedics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10195-013-0270-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10195-013-0270-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10195-013-0270-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T03:54:00Z","timestamp":1646625240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10195-013-0270-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,29]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10195-013-0270-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-9921","1590-9999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-9921","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-9999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,29]]}}}