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The panel discussed vaccine evaluation methods across countries; IMD prevention benefits that are well quantified using current methods, not well quantified, or missing in current cost-effectiveness methodologies; and development of recommendations for future evaluation methods. Consensus was reached on a number of points and further consideration was deemed necessary for some topics. Experts agreed that the unpredictability of IMD complicates an accurate evaluation of meningococcal vaccine benefits and that vaccine cost-effectiveness evaluations should encompass indirect benefits, both for meningococcal vaccines and vaccines in general. In addition, the panel agreed that transparency in the vaccine decision-making process is beneficial and should be implemented when possible. Further discussion is required to ascertain: how enhancing consistency of frameworks for evaluating outcomes of vaccine introduction can be improved; reviews of existing tools used to capture quality of life; how indirect costs are considered within models; and whether and how the weighting of quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), application of QALY adjustment factors, or use of altered cost-effectiveness thresholds should be used in the economic evaluation of vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-019-01129-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T18:02:25Z","timestamp":1574359345000},"page":"297-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Economic evaluation of meningococcal vaccines: considerations for the future"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hareth","family":"Al-Janabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Salisbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Diez-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian K.","family":"Towse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula K.","family":"Lorgelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koonal K.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Hernandez-Villafuerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinny","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Glennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Farkouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-11-17","volume":"11","author":"RZ Jafri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jafri, R.Z., Ali, A., Messonnier, N.E., Tevi-Benissan, C., Durrheim, D., Eskola, J., Fermon, F., Klugman, K.P., Ramsay, M., Sow, S., Zhujun, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Abramson, J.: Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease. 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She is supported by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at the University of Bristol. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. Hareth Al-Janabi received consultancy fees from GSK and Pfizer for attending workshops related to the value of vaccination. Pierre Levy received grants and honoraria from various pharmaceutical companies and vaccine manufacturers. Maarten J. Postma and Oliver Damm received grants and honoraria from various pharmaceutical companies, inclusive of those developing, producing, and marketing vaccines. David E. Bloom has received personal payments from GSK, Merck, Pfizer Inc, and Sanofi-Pasteur for consulting, speaking, research, or advisory services related to the value of vaccination and has also received research funding from the World Health Organization and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. David M. Salisbury has undertaken paid consultancies for vaccine manufacturers and received support for travel. Javier Diez-Domingo has received consulting fees or honoraria from Pfizer, has received grants from MSD, has received payment for service on speakers bureaus for Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer, and MSD, and reports board membership at Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer, GlaxsoSmithKline. Paolo Landa has no conflicts of interest to report. Adrian Towse, Paula Lorgelly, and Koonal Shah are employees of the Office of Health Economics, a registered charity, which receives funding from a variety of sources, including the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry and Pfizer Inc. Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte was an employee of the Office of Health Economics during the advisory board meeting. Vinny Smith, Linda Glennie, and Claire Wright are employees of the Meningitis Research Foundation (MRF), which has received grants from Pfizer, GSK, and Sanofi Pasteur as well as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Claire Wright was also awarded a speaker fee from Pfizer in 2017, which was paid directly to MRF. Laura York is a former employee of Pfizer Inc and Raymond Farkouh is an employee of Pfizer Inc; both may hold stock or stock options. Laura York was an employee of Pfizer Inc at the time of the panel meeting.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}