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This study aimed to estimate the excess costs of people with MS that could be attributed to their MS, including primary healthcare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An observational study was conducted of the 2806 working-aged people with MS in Stockholm, Sweden and 28,060 propensity score matched references without MS. Register-based resource use was quantified for 2018. Annual healthcare costs (primary, specialised outpatient, and inpatient healthcare visits along with prescribed drugs) and productivity losses (operationalised by sickness absence and disability pension days) were quantified using bottom-up costing. The costs of people with MS were compared with those of the references using independent<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to isolate the excess costs of MS from the mean difference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean annual excess costs of MS for healthcare were \u20ac7381 (95% CI 6991\u20137816) per person with MS with disease-modifying therapies as the largest component (\u20ac4262, 95% CI 4026\u20134497). There was a mean annual excess cost for primary healthcare of \u20ac695 (95% CI 585\u2013832) per person with MS, comprising 9.4% of the excess healthcare costs of MS. The mean annual excess costs of MS for productivity losses were \u20ac13,173 (95% CI 12,325\u201314,019) per person with MS, predominately from disability pension (79.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The socioeconomic burden of MS in Sweden from healthcare consumption and productivity losses was quantified, updating knowledge on the cost structure of the substantial excess costs of MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-022-01547-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T14:24:51Z","timestamp":1669299891000},"page":"1357-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Excess costs of multiple sclerosis: a register-based study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantelle","family":"Murley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6138-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter","family":"Tingh\u00f6g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fitsum Sebsibe","family":"Teni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8957-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9313-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Alexanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hillert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2578-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korinna","family":"Karampampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Friberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.07.003","volume":"9","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giovannoni, G., Butzkueven, H., Dhib-Jalbut, S., et al.: Brain health: time matters in multiple sclerosis. 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KA has received unrestricted researcher-initiated grants from Biogen. EF has received unrestricted researcher-initiated grants from Celgene. PT has previously received salaries partly funded by Biogen and has no conflicts to declare. KK has previously been employed and received salaries from Karolinska Institutet which were partly funded by Biogen, but not for conducting this study and has not received any salary from Karolinska Institutet or Biogen since October 2019. Presently, KK is working full time at Bristol Myers Squibb. JH received honoraria for serving on advisory boards for Biogen and Novartis and speaker\u2019s fees from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Bayer-Schering, Teva, and Sanofi-Aventis. He has served as principal investigator for projects sponsored by, or received unrestricted research support from, Biogen, Merck-Serono, TEVA, Novartis, and Bayer-Schering. JH\u2019s MS research is also funded by the Swedish Research Council.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The project received ethical approval from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm, Sweden (reference numbers: 2007\/762-31; 2009\/23-32; 2009\/1917-32; 2010\/466-32; 2011\/806-32; 2011\/1710-32; 2014\/236-32; and 2016\/1553-32). The study was performed in accordance with the tenants of the Declaration of Helsinki and later amendments. Informed consent from the research participants was not applicable due to the use of pseudonymised data from total population administrative registers and that we do not hold the details revealing the identity of the participants. Individuals with MS included in the Swedish MS Registry provided consent to their neurologist to enter their information into the register for both clinical and research purposes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}