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This analysis is made possible using the <jats:italic>OpenHealth<\/jats:italic> database, which provides retail sales data for opioid analgesics available on the French market. We exploit firm-level data for each of the 94 departments in Metropolitan France between 2008 and 2017. We show that increases in the poverty rate are associated with increases in sales: a one percentage point increase in poverty is associated with approximately a 5% increase in mild opioid sales. Our analysis further shows that opioid sales are positively related to the share of middle-aged people and individuals with basic education only, while they are negatively related to population density. The granularity and longitudinal nature of these data allow us to control for a large pool of potential confounding factors. Our results suggest that additional interventions should be more intensively addressed toward the most deprived areas. We conclude that a combination of policies aimed at improving economic prospects and strictly monitoring access to opioid medications would be beneficial for reducing opioid-related harm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-022-01557-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T02:02:55Z","timestamp":1675044175000},"page":"1473-1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prescription opioids and economic hardship in France"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0182-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Natali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Dewatripont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ginsburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Legros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108518","volume":"188","author":"H Amaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amaro, H., Sanchez, M., Bautista, T., Cox, R.: Social vulnerabilities for substance use: stressors, socially toxic environment, and discrimination and racism. 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