{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:43:23Z","timestamp":1791830603166,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the \u201813th Five Year\u2019 National Science and Technology Major Project for New Drugs","award":["2019ZX09734001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZX09734001"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0901500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0901500"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7192155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7192155"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-I2M-1-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Health Econ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-023-01574-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T20:57:38Z","timestamp":1677013058000},"page":"103-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing validity of the EQ-5D-5L proxy in children and adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Richard Huan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamay S. M.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector W. H.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9784-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25055","author":"NJ Abreu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abreu, N.J., Waldrop, M.A.: Overview of gene therapy in spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Pulmonol. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.25055","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol."},{"key":"1574_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32910-1","volume":"394","author":"E Mercuri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mercuri, E., B\u00f6nnemann, C.G., Muntoni, F.: Muscular dystrophies. Lancet 394, 2025\u20132038 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32910-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20586","volume":"34","author":"A Aartsma-Rus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aartsma-Rus, A., Van Deutekom, J.C.T., Fokkema, I.F., et al.: Entries in the Leiden Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation database: An overview of mutation types and paradoxical cases that confirm the reading-frame rule. Muscle Nerve 34, 135\u2013144 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.20586","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30025-5","volume":"17","author":"DJ Birnkrant","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birnkrant, D.J., Bushby, K., Bann, C.M., et al.: Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management. Lancet Neurol 17, 347\u2013361 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30025-5","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60921-6","volume":"371","author":"MR Lunn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lunn, M.R., Wang, C.H.: Spinal muscular atrophy. Lancet 371, 2120\u20132133 (2008)","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1574_CR6","unstructured":"Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): Types, Symptoms & Treatment. https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/14505-spinal-muscular-atrophy-sma. Accessed 2 May 2022."},{"key":"1574_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03257374","volume":"1","author":"N Bosanquet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bosanquet, N., Domenighetti, G., Beresniak, A., et al.: Equity, access and economic evaluation in rare diseases. Pharm Dev Regul 1, 151\u2013157 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03257374","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Regul"},{"key":"1574_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-019-00242-6","volume":"15","author":"Q Ke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ke, Q., Zhao, Z.-Y., Mendell, J.R., et al.: Progress in treatment and newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. World J Pediatr 15, 219\u2013225 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-019-00242-6","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"1574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2018.02.008","volume":"21","author":"I Pearson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pearson, I., Rothwell, B., Olaye, A., et al.: Economic modeling considerations for rare diseases. Value Health 21, 515\u2013524 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2018.02.008","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1574_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-020-01178-9","volume":"21","author":"E Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, E., Xu, R., Cheung, A.: Health-related quality of life in elderly people with hypertension and the estimation of minimally important difference using EQ-5D-5L in Hong Kong SAR, China. Eur J Health Econ 21, 869\u2013879 (2020)","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"1574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-8-18","volume":"29","author":"E Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, E., Xu, R., Cheung, A.: Measurement of health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus using EQ-5D-5L in Hong Kong, China. Quality Life Res 29, 1913\u20131921 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-8-18","journal-title":"Quality Life Res"},{"key":"1574_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05774-6","author":"R Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, R., Wong, E., Jin, J., et al.: Health-related quality of life measured using EQ-5D in patients with lymphomas. Supportive Care Cancer (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-020-05774-6","journal-title":"Supportive Care Cancer"},{"key":"1574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-021-01273-5","volume":"22","author":"RH Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, R.H., Dong, D., Luo, N., et al.: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D among patients with haemophilia. Eur J Health Econ 22, 547\u2013557 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-021-01273-5","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"1574_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-017-0902-x","volume":"19","author":"AP Finch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finch, A.P., Brazier, J.E., Mukuria, C.: What is the evidence for the performance of generic preference-based measures? A systematic overview of reviews. Eur J Health Econ 19, 557\u2013570 (2017)","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"1574_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.11.016","volume":"20","author":"N Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo, N., Liu, G., Li, M., et al.: Estimating an EQ-5D-5L Value Set for China. Value Health 20, 662\u2013669 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2016.11.016","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1574_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-1062-0","volume":"16","author":"L Uttley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uttley, L., Carlton, J., Woods, H.B., et al.: A review of quality of life themes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy for patients and carers. Health Qual Life Outcomes 16, 237 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-018-1062-0","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1574_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1945-x","volume":"27","author":"S Vaidya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaidya, S., Boes, S.: Measuring quality of life in children with spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic literature review. Qual Life Res 27, 3087\u20133094 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-1945-x","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1574_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.01.022","author":"B Michalowsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michalowsky, B., Xie, F., Kohlmann, T., et al.: Acceptability and validity of the EQ-5D in patients living with dementia. Value Health (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2020.01.022","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1574_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-021-01359-0","author":"RH Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, R.H., Keetharuth, A.D., Wang, L., et al.: Measuring health-related quality of life and well-being: a head-to-head psychometric comparison of the EQ-5D-5L, ReQoL-UI and ICECAP-A. Eur J Health Econ (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-021-01359-0","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"1574_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9600-1","volume":"19","author":"S Kunz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kunz, S.: Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D in a study of people with mild to moderate dementia. J Int Soc Qual Life Res 19, 425\u2013434 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-010-9600-1","journal-title":"J Int Soc Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1574_CR21","volume-title":"Scale development: theory and applications","author":"RF DeVellis","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeVellis, R.F.: Scale development: theory and applications, 4th edn. SAGE, Los Angeles (2017)","edition":"4"},{"key":"1574_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224970","author":"E Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong, E., Xu, R.H., Cheung, A.W.: Measuring the impact of chronic conditions and associated multimorbidity on healthrelated quality of life in the general population in Hong Kong SAR, China: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224970","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1574_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S305849","volume":"15","author":"Y AlRuthia","year":"2021","unstructured":"AlRuthia, Y., Almuaythir, G.S., Alrasheed, H., et al.: Proxy-Reported Quality of Life and Access to Nusinersen Among Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Saudi Arabia. Patient Prefer Adherence 15, 729\u2013739 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S305849","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"1574_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-01938-6","volume":"20","author":"J Verstraete","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verstraete, J., Marthinus, Z., Dix-Peek, S., et al.: Measurement properties and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-Y-5L compared to the EQ-5D-Y-3L in children and adolescents receiving acute orthopaedic care. Health Qual Life Outcomes 20, 28 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-022-01938-6","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1574_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2438","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011896","volume":"96","author":"PA Powell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powell, P.A., Carlton, J., Rowen, D., et al.: Development of a new quality of life measure for duchenne muscular dystrophy using mixed methods. Neurology 96, e2438\u2013e2450 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011896","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1574_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8080-9","volume":"263","author":"E Landfeldt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Landfeldt, E., Lindgren, P., Bell, C.F., et al.: Quantifying the burden of caregiving in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 263, 906\u2013915 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8080-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1574_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.03.004","volume":"23","author":"E Landfeldt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landfeldt, E., Edstr\u00f6m, J., Sejersen, T., et al.: Quality of life of patients with spinal muscular atrophy: A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 23, 347\u2013356 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.03.004","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"1574_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12938","volume":"58","author":"E Landfeldt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Landfeldt, E., Lindgren, P., Bell, C.F., et al.: Health-related quality of life in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a multinational, cross-sectional study. Dev Med Child Neurol 58, 508\u2013515 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dmcn.12938","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"1574_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e3181c5053b","volume":"11","author":"SE Davis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davis, S.E., Hynan, L.S., Limbers, C.A., et al.: The PedsQLTM in Pediatric Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Neuromuscular Module and Generic Core Scales. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 11, 9 (2010)","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"1574_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2009.09.009","volume":"19","author":"ST Iannaccone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iannaccone, S.T., Hynan, L.S., Morton, A., et al.: The PedsQL in pediatric patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales and Neuromuscular Module. Neuromuscul Disord 19, 805\u2013812 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmd.2009.09.009","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"1574_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02688-y","author":"YS Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng, Y.S., Kohlmann, T., Janssen, M.F., et al.: Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review of the literature. Qual Life Res. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02688-y","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"1574_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-132","volume":"10","author":"BX Tran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tran, B.X., Ohinmaa, A., Nguyen, L.T.: Quality of life profile and psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in HIV\/AIDS patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 10, 1 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-10-132","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1574_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12108","author":"A Diaz-Redondo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diaz-Redondo, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Bl\u00e1zquez, C., Ayala, A., et al.: EQ-5D rated by proxy in institutionalized older adults with dementia: Psychometric pros and cons. Geriatr Gerontol Int (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.12108","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"1574_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-1038-z","author":"P Sakthong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakthong, P., Sonsa-ardjit, N., Sukarnjanaset, P., et al.: Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in Thai patients with chronic diseases. Qual Life Res (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-015-1038-z","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1574_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-20","author":"S Davis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis, S., Wailoo, A.: A review of the psychometric performance of the EQ-5D in people with urinary incontinence. Health Qual Life Outcomes. (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-11-20","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"key":"1574_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X20978390","volume":"41","author":"NL Crossnohere","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crossnohere, N.L., Fischer, R., Lloyd, A., et al.: Assessing the Appropriateness of the EQ-5D for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Patient-Centered Study. Med Decis Making 41, 209\u2013221 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X20978390","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"1574_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X211062237","volume":"42","author":"PA Powell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Powell, P.A., Carlton, J., Rowen, D., et al.: Measuring what matters: little evidence supporting the content validity of EQ-5D in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their caregivers. Med Decis Making. 42, 139\u2013140 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989X211062237","journal-title":"Med Decis Making."},{"key":"1574_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085287","author":"T Keeley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keeley, T., Al-Janabi, H., Lorgelly, P., et al.: A qualitative assessment of the content validity of the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-5L and their appropriateness for use in health research. PLoS ONE (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0085287","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1574_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-020-01178-9","author":"ELY Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, E.L.Y., Xu, R.H., Cheung, A.W.L.: Health-related quality of life in elderly people with hypertension and the estimation of minimally important difference using EQ-5D-5L in Hong Kong SAR, China. Eur J Health Econ (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-020-01178-9","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"}],"container-title":["The European Journal of Health Economics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10198-023-01574-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10198-023-01574-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10198-023-01574-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T06:03:16Z","timestamp":1705730596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10198-023-01574-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-023-01574-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-7598","1618-7601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-7598","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-7601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Both the institutional review board ethics committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Peking Union Medical College Hospital approved the study protocol and informed consent (Ref no.: SBRE-18-268 and SK814).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}